• Assertion (A) is True: Raw liquid egg albumen contains approximately $0.3\text{--}0.5\%$ free glucose. During dehydration and subsequent warm storage of egg powder, free glucose reacts with amino groups of proteins and phospholipids (cephalin) via the non-enzymatic Maillard reaction, producing brown discoloration, insolubility, and off-flavors. Desugaring (removal of free glucose) prior to drying is mandatory for long-term storage stability.
• Reason (R) is True: Desugaring is commercially carried out by:

• Yeast fermentation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
• Bacterial fermentation (Enterobacter aerogenes or Streptococcus lactis)
• Enzymatic oxidation using fungal glucose oxidase and catalase.
  • Relationship: While both statements are true, (R) lists the methods of desugaring rather than explaining the chemical basis of why desugaring prevents Maillard deterioration.

• Approved Microwave Frequencies in Food Processing:
• Under international radio regulations governing Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) equipment, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and ITU allocate specific microwave frequencies for dielectric food processing:
• $2450\text{ MHz}$ ($2.45\text{ GHz}$): The universal standard frequency employed in domestic microwave ovens and commercial continuous food tempering systems.
• $915\text{ MHz}$ ($0.915\text{ GHz}$): Has greater wavelength ($32.8\text{ cm}$ vs. $12.2\text{ cm}$) and deeper penetration depth, widely utilized in large-scale industrial bulk meat thawing, tempering, and pasteurization.

Correct option: (2) 2450 and 915 megahertz

• Assertion (A) is True: In a centrifugal disc-bowl cream separator, the less dense cream migrates towards the central axis of rotation and discharges through the inner/upper cream outlet, whereas skim milk discharges through the outer/lower nozzle.
• Reason (R) is False: The specific gravity of milk fat is $0.93$, which is lower than the specific gravity of skim milk ($1.036$). Because milk fat is lighter, centrifugal force drives denser skim milk to the bowl periphery while fat globules displace inwards towards the center.
• Conclusion: (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Correct option: (3) (A) is true but (R) is false