Which of the following states is referred by some people... | Agrigyan

• Tukra Disease of Mulberry:
• Statement (I) is correct: Infestation causes malformation, apical flattening, curling, and dark-green rosetting of apical leaves, a classic symptom complex known locally in sericulture as Tukra disease.
• Statement (II) is incorrect: Tukra disease is caused by toxic saliva injected during feeding by the pink mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, NOT by whiteflies.
• Conclusion: Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect (Option 3).

• Soil Requirements for Mulberry Cultivation:
• Optimal Soil Conditions: Mulberry is a deep-rooted perennial crop requiring:
• Clayey to loamy soils: Deep, well-aerated sandy loam to clay loam soils support extensive root penetration.
• Porous with good water holding capacity: High organic matter and porosity ensure good aeration and moisture retention.
• Flat, deep, and fertile soil: Soil depth $\gt 60-80\text{ cm}$ with neutral to slightly acidic pH ($6.2-6.8$) maximizes leaf biomass for silkworm rearing.
• Exclusion: Poorly drained, heavy black cotton soils with poor infiltration are unfavorable.
• Conclusion: Soil conditions (B), (C), and (D) only are appropriate (Option 3).

Correct option: (3) (B), (C) and (D) only.

• Water pH Classifications in Pesticide Spray Application:
• Pair-by-Pair Matching:
• Water pH 2.0 $\rightarrow$ (III) Highly acidic: Solutions with pH $\lt 3.0$ have high hydrogen ion concentrations and are categorized as highly acidic.
• Water pH 6.0 $\rightarrow$ (IV) Moderately acidic: pH in the range of $5.5-6.5$ is slightly/moderately acidic (ideal for spray water to avoid alkaline hydrolysis of pesticides).
• Water pH 7.0 $\rightarrow$ (II) Neutral: Exactly at the neutral point where $[ ext{H}^+] = [ ext{OH}^-] = 10^{-7}\text{ M}$.
• Water pH 9.0 $\rightarrow$ (I) Alkaline: pH $\gt 7.0$ indicates excess hydroxide ions, causing rapid alkaline hydrolysis and degradation of organophosphates and carbamates.
• Correct Choice: Option 3 maps (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I).

Correct option: (3) (A) - (IID, (B) - (IV), (E) - ), (B) - (1)