Which among the followings can lead to chronic general passive... | Agrigyan

General Agriculture Veterinary Helminthology Introduction, History and Etiology General Bacteriology Veterinary Public Health Milk Hygiene Veterinary Entomology Haemodynamic Derangements, Degeneration and Necrosis Systematic Bacteriology Meat Hygiene Inflammation and Healing General Virology Immunopathology Systematic Virology Mycology Parasitic Zoonoses Zoonoses Genetically Determined Diseases Immunology Management of Livestock Parasitism Disturbances in Cell Growth and Oncology Environmental Hygiene Post-mortem Diagnosis and Histopathological Techniques Molecular Cell Biology (Vaccine & Diagnostic Technology) Epidemiology Immunoparasitology Clinical Pathology Systemic Pathology Pathology of Infectious Diseases Avian Pathology Nutritional and Production Pathology Pathology of Toxicosis Pathology of Diseases of Laboratory and Wild Animals
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Veterinary Pathology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)

Which among the followings can lead to chronic general passive hyperaemia?

(A) . Pneumothorax
(B) . Valvular stenosis
(C) . Myocardial infarction
(D) . Valvular insufficiency

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Veterinary Pathology Subjects

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General Agriculture

5 Topics
Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection

General Bacteriology

3 Topics
Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms, Pathogenicity Islands, Bacterial Toxins (Anthrax Toxins, Enterotoxins) & LPS Mutants Bacterial Morphology, Ultrastructure, Cell Wall Chemistry & Special Staining Techniques (Gram, ZN, MZN, Dienes) Bacterial Physiology, Growth Kinetics, Nutrition (Phototrophs, Autotrophs) & Bacterial Genetics (Conjugation, Transduction)

Introduction, History and Etiology

1 Topic
Historical Milestones in Pathology (Morgagni Seats and Causes of Disease, Virchow, Metchnikoff) & General Etiology

Veterinary Helminthology

2 Topics
Trematode Morphology, Systematic Classification & Fluke Biology (Fasciola, Gigantocotyle, Gastrodiscus, Paramphistomum) Bursate Nematodes (Order Strongylida: Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Ancylostoma, Syngamus, Metastrongylus)

Veterinary Public Health

1 Topic
VPH Concepts, Historical Milestones, Intersectoral Collaboration & One Health Paradigm

Haemodynamic Derangements, Degeneration and Necrosis

5 Topics
Cell Death: Irreversible Hypoxic Injury, Apoptosis & Necrosis Types (Coagulative, Liquefactive, Caseous, Fibrinoid) Edema Pathophysiology, Starling Forces, Hydropericardium & Ascites Portal Hypertension Thrombosis, Virchow's Triad, Embolism, Infarction & Blood Coagulation Cascade (Prothrombin to Fibrin) Circulatory Disturbances: Hyperaemia, General Chronic Passive Congestion, Nutmeg Liver & Brown Induration of Lung Active Cellular Degenerations, Amyloidosis, Calcinosis Circumscripta (Dystrophic vs Metastatic Calcification)

Milk Hygiene

2 Topics
Dairy Microbiology, Spoilage Microorganisms & Microbial Ecology of Raw Milk (Pseudomonas, Psychrotrophs, Alcaligenes) Milk Processing, HTST Pasteurization, UHT, In-Bottle Sterilization & Thermal Death Kinetics

Systematic Bacteriology

2 Topics
Endospore-Forming Bacilli & Clostridial Diseases (Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, C. septicum, C. novyi) Rickettsiales & Anaplasmataceae (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Ehrlichia canis, E. ewingii, Neorickettsia)

Veterinary Entomology

4 Topics
Diptera: Nematocera Vector Flies (Culicoides, Phlebotomus, Simulium, Mosquito Vectors & Transmission) Diptera: Brachycera & Cyclorrhapha (Tabanus, Chrysops, Stomoxys, Haematobia, Musca) Phthiraptera: Sucking & Chewing Lice Biology, Morphology & Host Specificity (Haematopinus, Linognathus, Bovicola, Menopon) Acarology: Mites, Mange & Scab Infestation (Sarcoptes, Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Demodex, Cheyletiella, Dermanyssus)

General Virology

1 Topic
Viral Replication Cycles, Cultivation, Plaque Assay, Reverse Transcription (Hepadnaviruses) & Trypsin Cleavage

Inflammation and Healing

3 Topics
Acute Inflammation Dynamics, Vascular Events, Cardinal Signs (Rubor, Calor) & Anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, C5a) Cellular Events in Inflammation, Leukocyte Emigration, Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis & Inflammatory Exudates Chronic Inflammation, Pyogranulomatous Reactions (Macrophages, Epithelioid, Neutrophils) & Granuloma Formation

Meat Hygiene

1 Topic
Antemortem Inspection, Judgement Categories & Disease Diagnosis in Live Animals

Immunopathology

2 Topics
Autoimmune Pathologies: Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA), Spherocytes & Autoagglutination Hypersensitivity Reactions in Tissue Pathology (Type I-IV) & Immune Complex Fibrinoid Vasculitis

Systematic Virology

2 Topics
DNA Viruses of Veterinary Importance (Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Asfarviridae African Swine Fever, Parvoviridae) Non-Segmented Negative-Sense RNA Viruses (Rhabdoviridae Rabies, Paramyxoviridae Newcastle/Rinderpest/Distemper)

Genetically Determined Diseases

1 Topic
Congenital Anomalies & Cardiovascular Malformations (Tetralogy of Fallot, Ventricular Septal Defects)

Mycology

1 Topic
General Mycology Principles, Fungal Ultrastructure, Growth Requirements & Mucorales (Mucor, Rhizopus)

Parasitic Zoonoses

2 Topics
Arthropod, Crustacean & Pentastomid Zoonoses (Linguatula serrata, Armillifer, Visceral Pentastomosis, Sarcoptic Zoonoses) One Health Surveillance, Epidemiological Classification (Xenonoses, Eupanzoonoses) & Zoonosis Prevention

Zoonoses

1 Topic
Classification & Ecology of Zoonoses (Cyclozoonoses, Metazoonoses, Direct Zoonoses, Pherozoonoses, Xenozoonoses)

Disturbances in Cell Growth and Oncology

3 Topics
Neoplasia General Pathology, Benign vs Malignant Tumors, Histological Nomenclature, Staging & Tumor Grading Specific Animal Neoplasms: Canine Round Cell Tumors (Mast Cell, TVT, Histiocytoma) & Antitumor CTL Immunity Cellular Adaptive Responses (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia & Dysplasia)

Environmental Hygiene

1 Topic
Water Quality Standards, Purification Technologies (Rapid Sand Filtration) & Chlorination Chemistry (DPD Assay, Dechlorination)

Immunology

1 Topic
Cytokines, Interferons (Type I IFN-alpha/beta, Type II IFN-gamma, Type III IFN-lambda) & Superantigen Activation

Management of Livestock Parasitism

2 Topics
Anthelmintic Pharmacology & Probenzimidazoles (Febantel, Netobimin, Thiophanate, Levamisole, Macrocyclic Lactones) Acaricides, Insecticides, Semio-chemicals & Integrated Vector Baits (Pyrethroids, Amitraz, IGRs, Poison Baits)

Epidemiology

2 Topics
Basic Principles, Disease Ecology, Epidemiological Triad, Natural Nidality & Endemic Baseline Measures of Association (Relative Risk, Odds Ratio), Diagnostic Test Evaluation (Sensitivity, Specificity, NPV) & NIVEDI

Immunoparasitology

1 Topic
Hypersensitivity Reactions in Parasitic Pathology (Type I, Type II in Babesiosis/Malaria, Type III Immune Complexes, Type IV)

Molecular Cell Biology (Vaccine & Diagnostic Technology)

1 Topic
Vaccine Technology, Bacterial/Viral Formulations, DNA Vaccines, Attenuation & Lyophilization Logistics

Post-mortem Diagnosis and Histopathological Techniques

2 Topics
Necropsy Techniques, Post-Mortem Lesion Evaluation & Post-Mortem Artefacts vs Antemortem Changes Histopathological Staining Protocols & Diagnostic Visceral Cytology (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology FNAC, Biopsy)

Clinical Pathology

2 Topics
Erythrocyte Kinetics, Erythropoiesis Sequence & Regenerative Anemia (Polychromasia, Macrocytosis, Nucleated RBCs) Diagnostic Clinical Enzymology, Leukogram Interpretations & Toxic Basophilic Stippling in RBCs

Systemic Pathology

3 Topics
Pathology of Digestive System: Primary Tympany Bloat, Rumenitis, Enteritis & Hepatic Cirrhosis Pathology of Urinary, Genital & Integumentary Systems: Nephritis, Metritis & Pinworm Anal Pruritus (Oxyuris equi) Pathology of Endocrine & Nervous Systems: Pituitary Adenoma, Cushing's, Hypothyroidism Cretinism, Fibrous Osteodystrophy

Pathology of Infectious Diseases

3 Topics
Bacterial Infectious Pathology: Anthrax (Blackberry Jam Spleen), Bovine Tuberculosis Caseocalcareous Granuloma Viral Infectious Pathologies: Rinderpest (Stomatitis Enteritis Syndrome) & Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Bacterial Respiratory & Cutaneous Pathologies: Glanders / Equine Farcy (Burkholderia mallei)

Avian Pathology

5 Topics
Avian Oncogenic Viral Diseases: Marek's Disease (Neurolymphomatosis), Lymphoid Leukosis Big Liver & Sarcoma Complex Avian Paramyxovirus & Birnavirus Infections: Newcastle Disease Pathotypes (Velogenic) & Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Avian Bacterial & Spirochaetal Pathologies: Avian Spirochaetosis (Borrelia anserina) & Infectious Sinusitis (Mycoplasma) Avian Adenoviral Pathologies: Hydropericardium Syndrome (Angara Disease FAdV-4, Basophilic Inclusion Bodies) Avian Metabolic & Cardiopulmonary Pathologies: Broiler Ascites Syndrome & Pulmonary Hypertension

Nutritional and Production Pathology

2 Topics
Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency Pathologies: White Muscle Disease, Mulberry Heart Disease, Hepatosis Dietetica, Encephalomalacia Production Diseases of Ruminants: Ketosis (Acetonemia, Negative Energy Balance), Milk Fever & Hypocalcemia

Pathology of Toxicosis

1 Topic
Mycotoxic Pathology: Aflatoxicosis (Groundnut Poisoning), Ochratoxicosis, Degnala Disease & ELEM Fumonisin B1

Pathology of Diseases of Laboratory and Wild Animals

1 Topic
Pathology of Laboratory Rodents, Lagomorphs & Wildlife: Tularemia in Rabbits (Francisella tularensis)
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