2024
29-06-2024
Water Science and Technology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
Official solved question paper with verified bilingual step-by-step solutions and key concepts. आधिकारिक हल प्रश्न पत्र — विस्तृत द्विभाषी व्याख्या, प्रामाणिक उत्तर कुंजी एवं मुख्य अवधारणाओं सहित।
Questions in this Paper इस प्रश्न पत्र के प्रश्न
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Movement of DNA from one bacterium to another through a tubular bridge or pilus:
Which of the following is responsible for eliminating toxic oxygen by-products from cells?
form of multiple parasitism in which a parasite preferentially attacks a host that is already parasitized by another species is
known as
For mass multiplication of DD-136 nematode, the common host used is
Chlorpyriphos methyl is effective against stored product insects except
Which of the following insects often cause inhalational allergies in human following large emergence of adult insects
Given below are two statements
Statement (|); Climate is a weather condition related to smaller areas at a given place and at a given time.Statement (II) : Weather is a condition of atmosphere at a given place and at a given time
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
The local name of cyclone in Philippines is
Which one of the following are secondary tillage implements?
(A) .Subsoiler
(B) .Cultivator
(C) .Disc harrow
(D) . Wetland plough
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
is the most suitable, drought resistant and persistant grass?
The rainfed area in India is approximately
Which nutrient is often a limiting factor in agricultural production?
What is a potential disadvantage of agroforestry systems?
Pungency in mustard oil is due to
Sesamum belongs to the family
Dark period is critical in which type of plant?
Which of the following is NOT a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from livestock farming?
Fe deficiency is mostly seen in crops growing on
EDV (Essentially Derived Varieties) are those which are derived from
What is the role of "companion planting" in agriculture?
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : In Indian sub-continent, about one-fifth of total geographical area is affected by drought in every 10 years.
Statement (II) : In Indian sub-continent, about one-third of total geographical area is affected by drought in every 15 years.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : De Saussure concluded that the carbon contained by pants was derived from the soil
Statement (II) : Sir Humphry Davy stated that plants received most of the carbon from atmoshperic air.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Correct sequence of states as per increasing order of plant nutrient (NPK) consumption for the year 2021-22 in
The weed density in a control plot (weedy check) is 50 per sq. m and in a herbicide treated plot 35 per sq. m, calculate weed
control efficiency (%)
Which of the following principles of system of rice intensification (SRI) largely forced many farmers to disadopt it?
(A) . Young seedlings and single seediing/hill
(B) . Wider spacing
(C) . Mechanical weeding
(D) . Intermittent irrigation
(©). Use of organic manure
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which among the followings is not the characteristic of the durum wheat?
Topping and de-suckering are not practised generally for which type of tobacco?
The operational range for electrical resistance block is
Calculate the seed rate of rice in kg/La, if the spacing of hills for transplanting is 20cm x 20cm ; number of seedings / hill is
2; germination percentage of seeds is 90; purity percentage of seeds is 90; test weight of rice seed is 25 g; damaged
seedlings during uprooting from the nursery is 20% of the uprooted seedlings.
The term variance is used to denote:
Which of the following types of tobacco has highest nicotine content?
What is the field water-use efficiency in kg/ha-mm of wheat crop, ifit yields 4.5 vha grain and water requirement is 45 cm?
Which experimental design is a single factor design?
Which of the following agenda is not contributed by the Intemational year of Millets 2023 to the UN 2030 Agenda for
sustainable development?
The time required to complete hydrolysis of urea when applied in normal soil and alkline soils, respectively is
Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach was developed by:
Clay mineral having largest specific surface area is
The most dominant soil order in India is:
Minerals containing iron are’
(A) . Hematite
(B) . Goethite
(C) . Sphalerite
(D) . Magnetite
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Iron deficiency is most common in upland crops, particularly those grown on the calcareous/alkaline soils of
arid region
Statement (II) : Molybdenum is associated with nitrogenase and nitrate reductase enzymes and is essential for nitrogen
fixing plants and microorganisms
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Solubility of Fe(III) oxides decreases in the order:
(A) . a-Fe203 (Hematite)
(B) . a-FeOOH (Ggoethite)
(C) . y-Fe203 (Maghemite
(D) . y-FeOOH (Lepidocrocite)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The production of single superphosphate (SSP) involves following operations:
(A) . The powdered rock phosphate (containing 30%-38% total POs) is mixed with sulphuric
acid (65%-75% H»SOa) to form a slurry.
(B) . The wet material is subjected to final curing, when some of the slow reactions reach a state of near completion and
the excess water evaporates. The curing time is 2-6 weeks
(C) . Solidification of the slurry in a den (denning), where continued reactions and crystallization of monocalcium
phosphate take place (time required 0.5 to 4 hours)
(D) . If granular SSP is desired, it can be granulated either before or after it is cured
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Dehydrogenase activity reflects the total range of the oxidative activity of soil microorganisms and may be
considered a good indicator of the oxidative metabolism in soils.
Reason (R) : Dehydrogenase oxidizes soil organic matter by transferring protons and electrons from organic substrates to
inorganic acceptors.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Most weathered soil order is
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Calcium requirement is highest for
Nicotine is found in tobacco plant and it is used as insecticide. Itis a
Beardeaux mixture composed of
Imazethapyr is a
Ideal range of absorbance for accepting data from spectrophotometer is
Jasmolin is found in which of the following plant
Essential oil is mainly comprised of
Pungent principle of chilli is
EW formulation of pesticide is a
"Matador" is the trade name of which herbicide ?
Solution of 2% concentration is equivalent to
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is richer in which of the following amino acid than normal maize ?
CIB&RC is a Govt. body located at
The estimated total utilizable surface water resources of India is
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : The slope of mass curve shows the intensities at various time intervals in a storm.
Statement (II) : Hyetograph is derived from the mass curve.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements related to peak rate of runoff
Statement (I) : The factors related to retardance to flow caused by the effect of surface detention and channel storage
considered
Statement (II) : The runoff coefficient is dependent only on watershed characteristics.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Soil moisture tension in a salt free soil at field capacity depending on soil texture ranges from
Surangam, water harvesting structures are found in
Which of the following is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique practiced in rainfed agriculture?
Which of the following irrigation scheduling methods relies on soil moisture measurements to determine when irrigation is
needed?
What is the term used to describe the process of using vegetation to enhance water drainage and stabilize soil in agricultural
landscapes?
Which factor is NOT a consideration in groundwater management?
What is the term used to describe the process of lowering the water table around a well due to excessive pumping, resulting
in reduced water availability?
What is the primary advantage of pressurized irrigation systems over traditional gravity-based systems?
What is the term used to describe the process of using plants to remove pollutants from soil and water?
Bhopal lake was constructed by
Which of the followings are considered under green water source?
(A) . Groundwater
(B) . Pond
(C) . Soil moisture within crop root zone
(D) . Evapotranspiration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Opportunity cost usually forms the basis for selecting discount rate for calculating B:C ratio.
Reason (R) : The opportunity cost of the capital is usually taken as the cutoff rate
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Which of the following plant is generally used as an indicator plant for determining permanent wilting point?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Tensiometer is not well suited for use in fine textured soils.
Reason (R) : A small part of the available moisture in fine textured soils is held at tensions of less than 1 atmosphere
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Followings are some of the points related to soil properties and movements
(A) .Maximum water vapour movement in soils occur just before ultimate wilting point is reached
(B) . Darcy's law can be applied under unsaturated conditions
(C) . The intrinsic permeability is used as the pearmeability factor independent of the fluid
(D) . In fine textured soils, hydraulic conductivity depends almost entirely on structural pores.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Determine the field capacity of a soil for following data:
(i) Depth of root zone = 1.8m
(ii) Existing moisture = 8%
(iii) Dry density of soil = 1450 kg/m?
(iv) Quantity of water applied to soil = 650 m?
(v) Water lost due to deep percolation and evaporation =10%
(vi) Area to be irrigated = 1000 m?
If total consmptive use of a crop is 125 cm, then find the volume of water required to be diverted from the head works to
irrigate area of 1000 ha assuming effective rainfall as 80% of total rainfall (600 mm), application efficiency 50% and
conveyance efficiency 70%
One cumec of water is pumped into a farm distributed system. 0.8 cumec is delivered to a turn-out located 0.9 kilometer
distance from the well, Compute the conveyance efficiency.
Two tensiometers have been installed in a root profile at a depth of 30 cm and 60 cm. The top one shows a suction of 60 cm
of water and the bottom one shows a suction of 40 cm of water. In what direction the water is moving?
The concept of reference evapotranspiration ET» provides information on
(A) . Evaporation demand of the atmosphere
(B) . Independent of the type of crop
(C) . Independent of stage of crop development
(D) .Independent of the crop management practices
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The earthwork per hectare in a level terrace of area 2 ha with 2 m width and 4 m depth of cut and 4 m depth of fill will be
Which of the followings are the components of a permanent gully control structure?
(A) . Embankment
(B) . Spillway inlet
(C) . Spillway conduit
(D) . Spillway outlet
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : The width of wind strips for erosion susceptible crops is higher in loam soil compared to loamy sand.
Statement (II) : The wind velocity reduction on the leeward side near shelterbelts or windbreaks at 30-40 times the height of
the shelterbelts/windbreaks is 20%.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
If the depth of flow and Froude number before hydraulic jump are y; and F;, after hydraulic jump y2 and F., respectively, then
which of the following formulae are used for sequent depth ratio?
1
A). m= [GVa+8re)]-1
&
8). ye =3WG+8Fe)—1]
1
©). n= Evarers)|-1
1
(). yf =51VG+8 Fx) - 1]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List-I with List-II pertaining to side slopes for preliminary design of earthen dams:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
In case of sediment transport by streams, which of the followings is known as bed load?
Which of the following structural component in a drop spillway prevents piping under the structure?
Followings are some of the statements related to geomorphological characteristics of a watershed
(A) . Total watershed area is the sum of stream basin and inter-basin area
(B) . The area Ay of a basin of order'u' is the total area projected on a horizontal plane, contributing the overland flow to the
streams of given order plus all tributaries of lower order.
(C) . Stream area ratio is the average basin area of streams of one order to the average area of basins of the next higher
order.
(D) . The ratio of basin area to the square of the basin length is known as form factor.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following colour notation is used for land capability class VII in a watershed?
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Evaporation from open water surface can be measured by Atmometers.
Statement (II) : The evaporation is measured by means of volume balance technique.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Which of the following material is not used for seepage control of the stored water in ponds?
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following method is widely used for baseflow separation in a hydrograph?
In the context of irrigation water measurement, which of the following equations is used to calculate the flow rate (Q) ina
rectangular channel with known dimensions?
Choose the irrigation techniques suitable for reducing water wastage and optimizing water use efficiency in sandy soils:
A) Drip irrigation
B) Sprinkler irrigation
C) Furrow irrigation
D) Subsurface irrigation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List-I with List-II:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Put the following steps of crop evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling in the correct sequence
(A) . Determination of crop coefficients
(B) . Calculation of net irrigation requirement
(C) . Estimation of potential evapotranspiration
(D) . Calculation of water equipment of crop
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Implementing variable rate irrigation (VRI) systems in agriculture can optimize water use efficiency and crop
yield
Reason (R) : VRI systems enable precise control over water application rates based on spatial variability of soil moisture
and crop water requirements
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Implementing deficit irrigation strategies in agriculture can diminish crop water productivity under water-
limited conditions.
Statement (II) : Deficit irrigation involves deliberately applying less water than the crop's full water requirement during certain
growth stages, which can lead to less efficient water use and improved crop yields
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
In canal water distribution systems, what is the primary function of a canal module?
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion : Effective irrigation management requires identifying critical stages of crop growth
Reasoning: Critical stages of crop growth are those periods during which water stress can have a significant impact on crop
yield
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
‘What is the primary cause of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?
Which of the following factors can affect the quality of irrigation water?
A) Salinity levels
B) pH levels
C) Presence of heavy metals
D) Microbial contamination
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Arrange the following techniques in the correct order for monitoring soil salinity in the field
A) Calculation of soil salinity sensor.
B) Satellite remote sensing for spatial mapping of soil salinity.
C) Installation of soil salinity sensors
D) Laboratory analysis of soil samples collected from representative locations
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Salinity stress primarily affects crop growth by disrupting ion balance and inducing osmotic stress
Reason (R) : Halophytic crops exhibit higher yields than glycophytic crops under saline conditions due to their ability to
efficiently exclude sodium ions from their cells.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Irrigation with saline water can contribute to soil sodicity.
Statement (II) : Leaching of sodium from underlying layers can cause sodicity in overlying soils.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Calculate the flow rate required for a drip irrigation system to irrigate on orchard of one hectare area with a water depth of 216 mm in 6 hours. The drip system will have 50 cm spacing between emitters on the drip lines, and lateral to latural spacing of 5m. Calculate the discharge of each entities
(A) . 100 litisec
(B) . 9 li hour
(C) .6 m/min
(D) . 3.24 lit’ hour
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following practice helps to prevent corrosion and prolong the lifespan of sprinkler system components?
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Drip lines are used to distribute water evenly along the crop rows.
Statement (II) : Microtubes are larger diameter tubes that deliver water directly to individual plants.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : Green manure refers to organic materials incorporated into the soil to improve soil structure and fertility.
Statement (II) : Green manure is primarily used to increase soil compaction and reduce water infiltration rates
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Remote sensing can accurately assess crop health and nutrient levels in rainfed agricutture.
Reason (R) : Remote sensing technology enables the analysis of spectral reflectance from crops, which correlates with their
health status and nutrient content.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Which of the followings are factors influencing evapotranspiration rates?
(A) Temperature
(B) Humidity
(C) Wind speed
(D) Soil texture
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
What is the primary cause of moisture stress in plants?
Given below are two statements
Statement (I) : The cost of groundwater pumping is primarily influenced by the depth of the aquifer.
Statement (II) : Pumping water from deeper aquifers generally incurs higher costs due to increased energy requirements and
maintenance
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Effective conjunctive water use can mitigate the impacts of droughts, optimize water allocation, and enhance
water security in regions facing water scarcity.
Reason (R) : Conjunctive water use is a complex approach to water resources management that requires interdisciplinary
collaboration and advanced modeling techniques
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence for the selection of pumps
(A) Analyze the system requirements and operating conditions, including temperature, pressure, and fluid characteristics.
(B) Conduct a hydraulic analysis to determine the required flow rate and head for the application
(C) Research and evaluate different pump types and manufacturers based on performance, reliability, and efficiency.
(D) Consult with industry experts or pump specialists to gather insights and recommendations
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The water table in a certain area has been observed to decline by 2 meters over the past year. If the specific yield of the
aquifer is 0.15 and the area of influence of pumping is estimated to be 10 hectares, calculate the total volume of water lost
from the aquifer due to the declining water table.
In the context of groundwater development, which factor plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustainability and long-term
success of projects in arid regions?
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