Regulated Markets, APMC, e-NAM, Contract Farming & Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) - Agri-Business Management | Agrigyan

PM-PRANAM stands for 'Prime Minister Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth'. Launched by the Government of India in the Union Budget 2023-24, its objective is to incentivize States and Union Territories to promote balanced and sustainable use of chemical fertilizers, reduce chemical fertilizer subsidies, and adopt bio-fertilizers and organic alternatives.

Option analysis:

• Infrastructure: Addressed by schemes like Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF).
• Trade: Addressed by export promotion councils and e-NAM.
• Fertilisers: Correct, PM PRANAM promotes balanced fertilizer use and reduction of chemical fertilizer subsidies.
• Seed: Addressed by the Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting Material (SMSP).

In cooperative farming taxonomy:

• Cooperative Joint Farming: Farmers pool their individual land parcels for joint cultivation and management. Individual ownership of land is strictly retained, and net farm profits are distributed among members based on the land area contributed and labor performed.
• Cooperative Collective Farming: Land ownership is surrendered permanently or held collectively by the society (kolkhoz model).
• Cooperative Better Farming: Farmers cultivate independently on their own plots but join hands only for input purchase or marketing.
• Cooperative Tenant Farming: Society owns or leases the land and sub-leases plots to tenants who cultivate independently.
  
  Option analysis:
• Cooperative joint farming system: Correct, retains land title while pooling operations and sharing profits proportionally.
• Cooperative collective farming system: Individual land ownership is relinquished.
• Cooperative better farming system: Operations are not pooled.
• Cooperative tenant farming system: Land belongs to society, not individual holdings.