Because of the shrinkage, the cut fill ratio should be greater... | Agrigyan

In surface irrigation methods:
Statement (I) is incorrect: In check basin irrigation, the entire soil surface within the bunded plot is flooded. Consequently, water comes into direct contact with plant crowns and stems. Therefore, check basins are unsuitable for crops that are sensitive to waterlogging, collar rot, or stem fungal diseases (e.g., vegetables, citrus, tobacco, cotton). For such crops, furrow or ring basin irrigation is preferred.
Statement (II) is correct: Check basin irrigation is by far the most prevalent and traditional surface irrigation method in India (covering close to 70% of irrigated cereal/pulses areas like wheat, rice, groundnut) and throughout developing countries due to its simplicity, adaptability to varied soils, and ease of construction using animal or tractor drawn bund-formers.

USDA Land Capability Classification system:
Class II lands have moderate limitations that reduce the choice of plants or require moderate conservation practices:

• They have gentle slopes (B) (1% to 3%).
• They require moderate conservation practices (A) such as contour tillage, strip cropping, or simple terracing.
• They may possess slight to moderate salinity (D) or moderate soil depth limitations.

By contrast, severe salinity (C) places land in Class IV, VI, or VII, and permanent forest (E) is characteristic of non-arable classes (Class V through VIII).

Diagnostic criteria for Alkali (Sodic) soils (US Salinity Laboratory):
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP): \(\ge 15\%\) (Statement E is correct).