Q.11
ICAR AIEEA PG Agronomy 14 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper (Q.19)
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
English हिन्दी
$\text{Zn}^{+2}$ is an inorganic activator for enzymes:
$\text{Zn}^{+2}$ किस एंजाइम के लिए एक अकार्बनिक सक्रियक है?
EXPLANATION Secondary and Micronutrients in Soils: Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Boron

Metalloenzymes and zinc activation:

  • Divalent zinc ($\text{Zn}^{2+}$) is the essential prosthetic metallic cofactor coordinate-bonded at the catalytic active site of Carbonic anhydrase.
  • Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons ($\text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{HCO}_3^- + \text{H}^+$).
  • Zinc also activates alcohol dehydrogenase and carboxypeptidase.

मेटालोएंजाइम एवं जिंक सक्रियता:

  • जिंक आयन ($\text{Zn}^{2+}$) कार्बोनिक एनहाइड्रेज एंजाइम के सक्रिय स्थल पर आवश्यक धातु घटक के रूप में उपस्थित रहता है।
  • यह एंजाइम कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड और जल के बाईकार्बोनेट में द्रुत रूपांतरण को उत्प्रेरित करता है।
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Agronomy Subjects

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General Agriculture, Biology, Plant Protection & Statistics

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Plant Physiology, Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Abiotic Stresses in Crops Historical Milestones, Agricultural Education, ICAR Institutes and Research Infrastructure Genetics, Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding Methods and Varietal Improvement Crop Protection: Major Diseases, Insect Pests and Integrated Plant Health Management Agricultural Statistics, Probability Distributions and Experimental Field Designs (CRD, RBD, SPD) Agricultural Extension, Rural Development Programs and Technology Transfer (KVK, ATMA)

Principles of Agronomy, Crop Ecology, Geography & Agricultural Meteorology

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Atmospheric Humidity, Precipitation, Monsoon Dynamics, Weather Forecasting and Agro-Climatic Zones Principles of Agronomy: Definition, Scope, History, Tillage, Tilth and Seedbed Preparation Agricultural Meteorology: Solar Radiation, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Albedo Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming and Impact on Crop Phenology Cropping Systems: Monocropping, Intercropping, Mixed, Sequential, Relay and Competition Indices (LER, ATER) Crop Growth Analysis, Growth Indices (LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA) and Yield Attributes Temperature, Growing Degree Days (GDD), Photoperiodism, Thermoperiodism and Heat Units Planting Geometry, Plant Density, Sowing Methods and Crop Stand Establishment

Field Crops Agronomy

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Agronomy of Cereal Crops I - Rice: Ecology, Nursery, SRI, Direct Seeded Rice (DSR), Water & Nutrient Management Agronomy of Coarse Cereals and Millets: Maize, Sorghum, Pearl Millet, Finger Millet and Small Millets Agronomy of Major Pulse Crops: Chickpea, Pigeonpea, Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil and Field Pea Agronomy of Cereal Crops II - Wheat and Barley: Sowing Depth, CRI Stage, Tillage, Nutrient & Irrigation Agronomy of Commercial & Fiber Crops: Cotton, Jute, Sunnhemp and Mesta Agronomy of Plantation, Spice, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Tea, Coffee, Turmeric, Ginger and Mentha Agronomy of Fodder, Forage and Pasture Grasses: Berseem, Lucerne, Oat, Sorghum, Napier and Guinea Grass Agronomy of Major Oilseed Crops II: Soybean, Sunflower, Safflower, Linseed, Niger and Castor Agronomy of Sugar Crops: Sugarcane, Sugarbeet, Planting Systems (Trench, IISR, STP) and Ratoon Management

Weed Management

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Weed Biology, Classification, Propagation, Dormancy, Dissemination and Crop-Weed Competition Chemical Control: Classification of Herbicides (Selectivity, Application Timing, Chemical Families) Herbicide Formulations, Surfactants, Adjuvants, Safeners and Application Equipment Critical Period of Crop-Weed Competition (CPWC) and Allelopathy in Agro-Ecosystems Herbicide Persistence, Soil Residual Fate, Leaching, Volatilization, Photodecomposition and Selectivity Mechanisms Integrated Weed Management (IWM): Cultural, Physical, Mechanical, Biological (Bioherbicides) and Chemical Controls Herbicide Resistance in Weeds, Cross & Multiple Resistance Mechanisms and Herbicide Tolerant Crops Parasitic Weeds (Striga, Orobanche, Cuscuta, Loranthus) and Aquatic/Invasive Weeds (Eichhornia, Parthenium) Herbicide Mode of Action: ALS, ACCase, Photosystem I & II, EPSPS, Synthetic Auxins, Glutamine Synthetase

Water Management

5 Topics
Soil-Plant-Water Relations: Soil Moisture Constants, Soil Water Potential, Moisture Retention Curves and Hysteresis Crop Water Requirements, Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Consumptive Use and Irrigation Water Quality (SAR, RSC) Irrigation Methods: Surface (Check Basin, Furrow, Border), Pressurized (Drip, Sprinkler) and Fertigation Irrigation Scheduling Criteria: Soil Moisture Depletion, IW/CPE Ratio, Critical Growth Stages and Tensiometers Agricultural Drainage: Surface and Sub-surface Drainage Systems, Waterlogging Remediation and Salt Leaching

Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use

7 Topics
Nutrient Dynamics in Soils: Nitrogen Transformation, Mineralization, Immobilization, Nitrification, Denitrification Secondary and Micronutrients in Soils: Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Boron Active Essential Plant Nutrients: Classification, Criteria of Essentiality, Roles and Deficiency/Toxicity Symptoms Straight, Complex, Mixed, Slow-Release and Specialty Fertilizers: Chemical Properties, Salt Index and Reactions Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM), Soil Testing and Biofertilizers Phosphorus and Potassium Dynamics: Fixation, Adsorption-Desorption, Quantity-Intensity (Q/I) Relationships Nitrification Inhibitors (N-Serve, DCD, Neem-Coated Urea) and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Enhancement

Dryland Agronomy

3 Topics
Crop Adaptation to Drought, Anti-transpirants (Stomatal, Reflecting, Film-forming) and Mulching Techniques Rainwater Harvesting, In-situ Moisture Conservation, Contingency Crop Planning and Watershed Management Dryland vs Rainfed Farming: Characteristics, Classification, Moisture Stress and Drought Types

Problem Soils

2 Topics
Salt-Affected Soils: Saline, Sodic, Saline-Sodic Soils, Diagnostics (ECe, ESP, SAR, pH) and Chemical Reclamation Acid, Acid-Sulfate, Calcareous and Degraded Problem Soils: Liming, Amelioration and Crop Adaptation

Sustainable Land Use Systems

3 Topics
Agroforestry Systems, Farming Systems Research (FSR), Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) and Wasteland Management Conservation Agriculture: Principles, Minimum Tillage, Zero Tillage, Bed Planting and Crop Residue Retention Organic Farming, Natural Farming (ZBNF), Certification Standards and Organic Inputs Preparation
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