ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Community Science

Methods of textile printing:
Direct Printing: Color paste is applied directly to the fabric surface in the desired pattern. Examples include block printing, roller printing (B), screen printing (flat and rotary) (D), and duplex printing (printing both sides simultaneously) (A).
Resist Printing: Wax or paste resists dye uptake (e.g., Batik, Tie-dye) -> (E is resist printing).
Discharge Printing: Bleaching agent removes color from dyed fabric.
Transfer Printing: Sublimation from paper.

Textile finishes enhancing comfort and personal safety:
Absorbent finishes increase moisture regain and sweat evaporation, providing physiological thermal comfort (A).
Antistatic finishes prevent electrostatic cling, sparks, and shock in synthetic textiles, ensuring comfort and explosion safety (B).
Waterproofing finishes prevent liquid water penetration in rainwear and protective gear, ensuring environmental safety and comfort (C).
Abrasion resistance and slip resistance are primarily durability and mechanical maintenance finishes, not comfort/safety functional finishes.

Spinning methods for manufactured fibers:
Melt Spinning: Used for thermoplastic polymers that melt without decomposing. Polymer chips are melted and extruded through spinneret orifices into cool air to solidify. Examples: Nylon, Polyester, Polypropylene, and Glass fibers -> (A), (B), (D).
Wet / Dry Spinning: Used for polymers that decompose before melting (e.g., Acrylic, Rayon, Spandex), where polymer is dissolved in a solvent and extruded into a liquid coagulating bath or hot gas chamber (C is excluded).