Dairy Technology

Packaging Materials & Systems: Flexible Laminates, Aseptic Packaging, MAP, Vacuum Packaging & Quality Evaluation

All PYQs 32 questions 8.89% weightage 1.67%

Thermal Processing of Fluid Milk: LTLT, HTST Pasteurization, UHT, Sterilization & ESL Systems

All PYQs 23 questions 6.39% weightage 3.33%

Technology of Frozen Dairy Desserts: Ice Cream Mix Formulation, Freezing, Overrun, Hardening & Novelties

All PYQs 19 questions 5.28% weightage 4.17%

Dairy By-Product Utilization & Whey Processing: Casein, Caseinates, Whey Powder, WPC, WPI & Lactose Recovery

All PYQs 13 questions 3.61% weightage 1.67%

Sensory Evaluation of Dairy Products: Discrimination Tests, Hedonic Scaling, Scoring Systems & Flavor Defect Profiling

All PYQs 13 questions 3.61% weightage 3.33%

Concentrated Milks: Evaporated Milk, Sweetened Condensed Milk, Standardization & Pilot Sterilization

All PYQs 11 questions 3.06% weightage 0.83%

Fluid Milk Reception, Chilling, Clarification, Standardization & Homogenization

All PYQs 10 questions 2.78% weightage 0.42%

Ghee Technology: Traditional, Cream-Butter, Pre-Stratification & Continuous Methods, Packaging & AGMARK

All PYQs 10 questions 2.78% weightage 0.42%

Dried Milks: Roller & Spray Drying, Atomization, Powder Properties, Instantization & Specialty Infant Formulas

All PYQs 9 questions 2.50% weightage 2.5%

Cheese Manufacture: Coagulation, Curd Handling, Cheddaring, Pressing, Salting & Curing of Hard & Semi-Hard Cheeses

All PYQs 8 questions 2.22% weightage 0.83%

Butter Technology: Batch Churning, Continuous Butter Making (CBM), Working, Salting & Rheology

All PYQs 7 questions 1.94% weightage 2.92%

Traditional Heat-Desiccated & Acid-Coagulated Indian Dairy Products: Khoa, Paneer, Chhana & Their Sweets

All PYQs 7 questions 1.94% weightage 0.41%

Membrane Filtration in Dairy Processing: Reverse Osmosis (RO), Nanofiltration (NF), Ultrafiltration (UF) & Microfiltration (MF)

All PYQs 6 questions 1.67% weightage 2.5%

Soft, Acid-Coagulated & Mold-Ripened Cheeses: Cottage, Mozzarella, Camembert, Roquefort & Fresh Cheeses

All PYQs 4 questions 1.11% weightage 0.42%

Technology of Fermented & Probiotic Milks: Dahi, Yoghurt, Cultured Buttermilk, Lassi, Kefir & Koumiss

All PYQs 4 questions 1.11% weightage 2.08%

Technology of Fat-Rich Products: Cream Separation, Processing, Neutralization & Cream Varieties

All PYQs 2 questions 0.56% weightage 0.41%

Traditional Fermented, Fat-Rich & Frozen Indian Dairy Confections: Shrikhand, Rabri, Kulfi & Ghee Residue

All PYQs 2 questions 0.56% weightage 0.83%

Process Automation & Computer Applications: PLC, SCADA, PID Controllers, Digital Sensors, Data Acquisition & Plant Informatics

All PYQs 17 questions 4.72% weightage 2.92%

Fluid Handling Equipment: Sanitary Pumps (Centrifugal, Rotary, Positive Displacement), Sizing, NPSH & Cavitation

All PYQs 14 questions 3.89% weightage 1.67%

Plate Heat Exchangers (PHE) & Tubular Heat Exchangers: Corrugation, Regeneration Efficiency & Gasket Materials

All PYQs 11 questions 3.06% weightage 2.92%

Spray Dryers & Atomization Systems: Pressure Nozzles, Rotary Atomizers, Drying Chambers, Cyclones & Bag Filters

All PYQs 11 questions 3.06% weightage 0.41%

Dairy Plant Layout & Site Selection: Master Planning, Space Requirements, Clean Room Zoning & Service Distribution

All PYQs 10 questions 2.78% weightage 2.09%

Thermal Evaporators & Vapor Compression Systems: Falling Film, Multi-Effect, TVR, MVR & Steam Economy

All PYQs 10 questions 2.78% weightage 0.83%

Centrifugal Clarifiers, Cream Separators & Bactofuges: Disc Bowl Geometry, Skimming Efficiency & Desludging

All PYQs 5 questions 1.39% weightage 1.67%

High-Pressure Milk Homogenizers: Piston Mechanics, Valve Geometry, Two-Stage Homogenization & Power Calculation

All PYQs 5 questions 1.39% weightage 0.42%

Clean-In-Place (CIP) Systems: Spray Balls, Solution Cycling, Flow Dynamics, Temperature-Concentration Control & Sanitization

All PYQs 3 questions 0.83% weightage 2.5%

Scraped Surface Freezers & Cheese Processing Equipment: Continuous Ice Cream Freezers, Mechanized Cheese Vats & Block Formers

All PYQs 2 questions 0.56% weightage 0.83%

Sanitary Piping, Valves, Fittings & Flow Diversion Systems: Pipe Friction, Head Loss & Layout Principles

All PYQs 1 questions 0.28% weightage 0.83%

Fluid Statics & Dynamics: Viscosity, Rheology of Dairy Fluids, Reynolds Number, Laminar vs Turbulent Flow & Bernoulli's Theorem

All PYQs 17 questions 4.72% weightage 0.42%

Mechanical Power Transmission & Machine Elements: Belts, Pulleys, Gears, Chain Drives, Shafts, Couplings & Bearings

All PYQs 17 questions 4.72% weightage 2.09%

Refrigeration Principles & Vapor Compression Systems: P-h Diagrams, COP, Eco-Friendly Refrigerants & Compressors

All PYQs 14 questions 3.89% weightage 3.33%

Electrical Engineering & Motors: 3-Phase AC Circuits, Power Factor Correction, Induction Motors, Starters & Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)

All PYQs 10 questions 2.78% weightage 0.42%

Conduction & Insulation: Fourier's Law, Steady-State Heat Conduction, Composite Pipe Insulation & Lagging Materials

All PYQs 8 questions 2.22% weightage 0.83%

Dairy Refrigeration Equipment & Cold Storage: Condensers, Expansion Valves, DX Evaporators, Ice Bank Tanks (IBT) & Chilled Water Systems

All PYQs 8 questions 2.22% weightage 2.09%

Mass Transfer, Psychrometry & Air Conditioning: Psychrometric Properties, Humidity Ratio, Enthalpy & Drying Chamber Kinetics

All PYQs 6 questions 1.67% weightage 3.75%

Convection, Radiation & Overall Heat Transfer: Forced Convection, Nusselt Number, LMTD, Radiation & Fouling Factor

All PYQs 5 questions 1.39% weightage 0.84%

Steam Generation & Boilers: Boiler Types, Mountings, Accessories, Steam Enthalpy, Steam Traps & Feed Water Softening

All PYQs 4 questions 1.11% weightage 1.67%

Materials of Construction & Corrosion Control: Stainless Steel Metallurgy (SS 304, SS 316), Passivation, Pitting & Crevice Corrosion

All PYQs 2 questions 0.56% weightage 0.41%