Q.14
ICAR AIEEA PG Entomology 14 July 2023 Shift-1 Paper (Q.56)
MCQ (Single Correct) +4 −1
In the Caribbean, the first case of failure / controversy due to attack on beneficial non-targets in the area of biological control was the use of:
कैरिबियन में, गैर-लक्षित जीवों पर आक्रमण के कारण जैविक नियंत्रण के क्षेत्र में विफलता/विवाद का पहला मामला किसका उपयोग था:

Ecological risks and non-target impacts in biological control history:

  • In the 1870s, the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus, also classified as H. javanicus) was intentionally introduced into Jamaica and other Caribbean islands to control black rats (Rattus rattus) causing severe damage in sugarcane plantations.
  • Because rats are nocturnal and arboreal while mongooses are diurnal and terrestrial, the mongoose failed to control rats and instead voraciously preyed upon native ground-nesting birds, reptiles (Mabuya, Anolis), and amphibians, driving several endemic Caribbean species to near extinction.

जैविक नियंत्रण में गैर-लक्षित जीवों पर प्रभाव का ऐतिहासिक मामला:

  • 1870 के दशक में कैरिबियाई द्वीपों (जैसे जमैका) में गन्ने के खेतों में चूहों (Rattus rattus) के जैविक नियंत्रण हेतु भारतीय नेवले (Herpestes auropunctatus) को लाया गया था।
  • नेवले ने चूहों पर नियंत्रण करने के बजाय वहाँ के स्थानीय दुर्लभ पक्षियों, छिपकलियों और उभयचरों का व्यापक शिकार किया, जो जैविक नियंत्रण के गैर-लक्षित दुष्प्रभावों का सबसे चर्चित ऐतिहासिक उदाहरण बना।
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Entomology and Nematology विषय एवं अध्याय

विषय एवं पाठ्यक्रम के अनुसार सभी अध्याय देखें

कीट विज्ञान, लाभदायक कीट, सूत्रकृमि विज्ञान एवं एकीकृत कीट प्रबंधन

35 टॉपिक्स
Beneficial Insects II - Sericulture and Lac Culture: Silkworm Rearing, Moriculture, Lac Insect Biology and Processing Biological Control: Predators, Parasitoids (Trichogramma, Bracon), Hyperparasitoids and Conservation सक्रिय Pests of Cereals, Millets and Pulses: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Sorghum, Gram, Pigeonpea Orders Apterygota and Exopterygota: Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera Beneficial Insects I - Apiculture: Honeybee Species, Social Organization, Bee Pasture, Diseases and Beekeeping Nematode Management: Cultural, Chemical (Nematicides), Biological, Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPN Steinernema, Heterorhabditis) Insect Reproductive System, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Types of Reproduction and Metamorphosis Plant Nematology II: Taxonomy, Major Nematode Orders (Tylenchida, Dorylaimida), Biology and Life Cycles Pests of Horticultural Crops: Vegetables, Fruit Trees, Plantation Crops, Spices and Flowers Orders Endopterygota: Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Cultural, Physical, Mechanical, Regulatory (Plant Quarantine) Controls Medical, Veterinary, Household Pests and Non-Insect Pests (Mites, Rodents, Birds) Insect Thorax Morphology: Pterothorax, Legs and Types, Wings, Venation and Coupling Mechanisms Microbial Control: Bacillus thuringiensis, NPV, GV, Entomopathogenic Fungi (Beauveria, Metarhizium) Insect Ecology: Abiotic Factors (Temperature, Humidity, Light), Biotic Factors, Thermal Thresholds and Life Tables Pests of Oilseeds, Commercial Crops and Fiber Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, Mustard, Groundnut, Soybean Major Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Root-Knot (Meloidogyne), Cyst (Heterodera, Globodera), Reniform, Lesion, Ear-Cockle Insect Taxonomy: Principles of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), Hierarchy and Diagnostic Keys Host Plant Resistance (HPR): Non-preference (Antixenosis), Antibiosis, Tolerance and Mechanisms Insect External Morphology: Head, Suture, Tentorium, Eyes, Antennae and Types Insect Mouthparts: Biting-Chewing, Piercing-Sucking, Sponging, Siphoning, Chewing-Lapping Insect Integument: Cuticle Layers, Sclerotization, Chitin Chemistry and Molting Physiology Insecticide Mode of Action: AChE Inhibitors, Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels, GABA, Nicotinic Receptors, RyR Insecticide Formulations, Toxicity (LD50, LC50), Bioassay, Residues, Safety and Insecticides Act 1968 Stored Grain Pests: Primary, Secondary Beetles and Moths, Storage Structures and Fumigation Management Plant Nematology I: History, Morphology, Anatomy, Digestive, Excretory and Reproductive Systems of Nematodes History of Entomology in India, Landmarks, Pioneers and Entomological Institutions Insect Excretory and Nervous Systems: Malpighian Tubules, Cryptonephridia, Brain, Nerve Cord and Sense Organs Population Dynamics, Pest Surveillance, Forecasting, Sampling Methods and ETL/EIL Economics Semio-Chemicals: Pheromones (Sex, Aggregation, Alarm), Kairomones, Allomones, Traps and Mating Disruption Insect Abdomen Morphology, Segments, Male and Female Genitalia, Ovipositor Types and Appendages Insect Digestive System: Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut, Peritrophic Membrane, Filter Chamber and Nutrition Insect Circulatory and Respiratory Systems: Hemolymph, Dorsal Vessel, Spiracles and Tracheal System Insect Endocrine System, Neurohormones, Ecdysone, Juvenile Hormone and Diapause Physiology Chemical Control: Classification of Insecticides (OPs, OCs, Carbamates, Synthetic Pyrethroids, Neonicotinoids)
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