Agronomic definitions of cropping patterns and systems:

• Statement (I) is correct: A cropping system represents the cropping pattern (spatial and temporal distribution of crops) integrated with farm resources, inputs, and available management technologies applied on a given field over time.
• Statement (II) is correct: Crop rotation is the systematic practice of growing different types of crops (e.g., legumes followed by cereals) in recurrent succession on the same piece of land to maintain soil fertility and break pest cycles.

Classification of banana cultivars:

• Monthan (ABB genomic group): The leading culinary / cooking banana variety in India, widely grown in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh for vegetable preparation and chips.
• Robusta (AAA genomic group): High-yielding table/dessert variety.
• Rasthali / Silk (AAB genomic group): Delicious dessert banana.
• Poovan / Mysore (AAB genomic group): Premier commercial dessert banana variety with sub-acid flavor.

Plant population in orchard layouts:

• Hexagonal (equilateral triangle) planting system accommodates $15\%$ more trees than the square system of planting for the same spacing, because the distance between rows is reduced to $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \approx 0.866$ times the spacing.
• Quincunx (diagonal) system accommodates almost double the number of plants ($100\%$ additional) by placing a temporary filler plant in the center of each square.