Forest Resource Management & Policy

Small mammal and rodent census techniques:

• Line transect count is used for large herbivores, primates, and diurnal birds.
• Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) is a broad theoretical methodology.
• Minimum number alive (MNA) method (Krebs, 1966) is the standard, most practical and widely accepted enumeration index for small rodent populations in grid-trapping studies, counting all animals captured at time $t$ plus those captured before and after $t$.
• Point sampling is used for bird abundance.
  
  Option breakdown:
• Used for large mammals.
• General method.
• Minimum number alive (MNA) is the standard method for rodents.
• Used for birds.

In atmospheric environmental science and air pollution meteorology:
Particulate Matter (PM) is formally defined as any discrete mass of liquid or solid matter (dust, smoke, fly ash, soot, pollen, aerosol droplets) dispersed in the atmosphere of microscopic or sub-microscopic dimensions, excluding uncombined pure water droplets.
It is categorized primarily by aerodynamic diameter into \(\text{PM}_{10}\) (coarse inhalable particles \(\le 10\ \mu\text{m}\)) and \(\text{PM}_{2.5}\) (fine inhalable particles \(\le 2.5\ \mu\text{m}\)).

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) terminology for forest carbon accounting:
Carbon Stock: The absolute quantity (mass) of carbon stored in a designated carbon pool (such as aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, deadwood, litter, or soil organic matter) at a specific point in time (expressed in tonnes of carbon or \(\text{t C}\)).
Carbon Flux: The rate of carbon transfer between pools per unit of time.
Carbon Pool: A reservoir that has the capacity to accumulate or release carbon.

Sulphur hexafluoride (\(\text{SF}_6\))\lt /strong\gt is recognized by the IPCC as the most potent and long-lived greenhouse gas known: It has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of \lt strong\gt 23,500 to 23,900 times\lt /strong\gt that of \(\text{CO}_2\) over a 100-year timescale and an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 3,200 years.
It is produced industrially by direct fluorination of sulfur minerals/fluorites and used primarily as an electrical insulating gas in high-voltage switchgear and dielectric equipment.