In Silvi-pastural systems, forage and top feeds can be harvested through two primary methods:

• Direct controlled grazing / browsing by livestock.
• Cut-and-carry system (stall feeding): Tree foliage (from fodder trees/protein banks like Leucaena, Albizia, Sesbania) and pasture grasses are harvested manually or mechanically and carried to stalls or sheds to feed confined livestock.
  This prevents overgrazing, trampling, and soil compaction, making it a foundational practice in silvopastoral management.