Q.2
ICAR AIEEA PG 2024 - Physical Science (Q.14)
Arranging Order +4 −1
English हिन्दी

Arrange the following in decreasing order according to the number of linkages among silicon tetrahedra of soil particles:

(A) . Nesosilicates
(B) . Phyllosilicates
(C) . Tectosilicates
(D) . Inosilicates

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

मृदा कणों के सिलिकॉन टेट्राहेड्रा (silicon tetrahedra) के बीच संयोजनों (linkages/साझा किए गए ऑक्सीजन) की संख्या के अनुसार निम्नलिखित को घटते क्रम (decreasing order) में व्यवस्थित करें:

(A) . नेसोसिलिकेट्स (Nesosilicates)
(B) . फाइलोसिलिकेट्स (Phyllosilicates)
(C) . टेक्टोसिलिकेट्स (Tectosilicates)
(D) . आइनोसिलिकेट्स (Inosilicates)

नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनें:

EXPLANATION Earth Crust, Minerals, Rocks, Weathering Processes and Soil Formation

Silicates are classified by the number of shared oxygen vertices (linkages) per $[\text{SiO}_4]^{4-}$ tetrahedron:

  • Tectosilicates (Framework silicates, e.g., quartz, feldspars): All 4 oxygen atoms are shared (4 linkages per tetrahedron).
  • Phyllosilicates (Sheet silicates, e.g., micas, clay minerals): 3 oxygen atoms are shared in a 2D plane (3 linkages per tetrahedron).
  • Inosilicates (Chain silicates, e.g., pyroxenes, amphiboles): Single chains share 2 oxygens, double chains share 2 to 3 oxygens (2 - 2.5 linkages per tetrahedron).
  • Nesosilicates (Island/orthosilicates, e.g., olivine, zircon): Independent tetrahedra with 0 shared oxygens (0 linkages).
    Decreasing order: Tectosilicates (C) > Phyllosilicates (B) > Inosilicates (D) > Nesosilicates (A), which corresponds to (C), (B), (D), (A).

सिलिकेट खनिजों का वर्गीकरण $[\text{SiO}_4]^{4-}$ टेट्राहेड्रा के बीच साझा किए गए ऑक्सीजन परमाणुओं (संयोजनों की संख्या) के आधार पर किया जाता है:

  • टेक्टोसिलिकेट्स (C): फ्रेमवर्क सिलिकेट्स (उदा. क्वार्ट्ज, फेल्डस्पार), जिनमें सभी 4 ऑक्सीजन परमाणु साझा होते हैं (4 लिंकेज)।
  • फाइलोसिलिकेट्स (B): शीट सिलिकेट्स (उदा. अभ्रक, क्ले खनिज), जिनमें प्रत्येक टेट्राहेड्रॉन के 3 ऑक्सीजन साझा होते हैं (3 लिंकेज)।
  • आइनोसिलिकेट्स (D): श्रृंखला सिलिकेट्स (उदा. पाइरॉक्सिन, एम्फीबोल), जिनमें 2 से 2.5 ऑक्सीजन साझा होते हैं (2-3 लिंकेज)।
  • नेसोसिलिकेट्स (A): स्वतंत्र/द्वीप सिलिकेट्स (उदा. ओलिविन), जिनमें कोई ऑक्सीजन साझा नहीं होता (0 लिंकेज)।
    घटता क्रम: (C) > (B) > (D) > (A), अतः सही विकल्प 2 है।
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