Which of the following is one of the key adaptive features of fungal spores that aid them in long-distance transmission?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कवक बीजाणुओं (fungal spores) का एक प्रमुख अनुकूलन लक्षण है जो उन्हें लंबी दूरी के संचरण (long-distance transmission) में सहायता करता है?
EXPLANATION
फसल वनस्पति, भूगोल एवं उत्पादन
Spore Adaptations for Aerobiological Dispersal:
- Fungal spores carried through the upper atmosphere over hundreds of kilometers (e.g., urediniospores of Puccinia graminis, conidia of Alternaria and Cladosporium) are exposed to severe environmental hazards: intense solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and severe desiccation.
- Melanin deposited in the cell walls acts as a powerful photoprotective pigment and free-radical scavenger, absorbing lethal UV-B/UV-A radiation and conferring structural rigidity against desiccation.
- Airborne spores rely entirely on passive wind currents (anemochory) and do not possess flagella (flagella are present only in aquatic motile zoospores, not aerial spores).
Therefore, high melanin content is the key adaptive feature ensuring spore survival during long-distance transmission.
Correct Answer: Option 3 (High melanin contents).
विस्तृत व्याख्या:
Spore Adaptations for Aerobiological Dispersal (कवक बीजाणुओं के अनुकूलन):
- Fungal spores carried through the upper atmosphere over hundreds of kilometers (e.g., urediniospores of Puccinia graminis, conidia of Alternaria and Cladosporium) are exposed to severe environmental hazards: intense solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and severe desiccation.
- Melanin deposited in the cell walls acts as a powerful photoprotective pigment and free-radical scavenger, absorbing lethal UV-B/UV-A radiation and conferring structural rigidity against desiccation.
- Airborne spores rely entirely on passive wind currents (anemochory) and do not possess flagella (flagella are present only in aquatic motile zoospores, not aerial spores).
Therefore, high melanin content is the key adaptive feature ensuring spore survival during long-distance transmission.
Correct Answer: Option 3 (High melanin contents).
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