Q112: Which of the following is true regarding CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing... - Cell Biology, Genetics, Physiology, Biochemistry & Plant Protection - ICAR AIEEA PG Plant Sciences 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper | Agrigyan

CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - Cas9 endonuclease) uses a synthetic single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to target a specific complementary 20-nucleotide genomic site and introduce a precise double-stranded break (DSB).
It enables highly precise targeted modifications including gene knockout (via non-homologous end joining NHEJ) as well as targeted base substitutions and gene insertion/editing (via homology-directed repair HDR).
Unlike classical transgenics (GMOs), targeted editing under SDN-1 and SDN-2 categories introduces non-transgenic, transgene-free edits without leaving foreign DNA in the crop genome.