Fruit & Vegetable Preservation and Value-Added Products

Match List - I with List - II :

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Physical methods of fruit juice preservation include :

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

According to official FSSAI / FPO standards, except for raspberry and strawberry jams, what is the mandatory minimum percentage of fruit pulp required in a commercial fruit jam ?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions (Q41 - Q45) :

Structure and Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
In RNA, every nucleotide residue has an additional -OH group present at the 2' position in the ribose. Also, in RNA, uracil is found in place of thymine (5-methyl uracil, another chemical name for thymine).
DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus was first identified by Friedrich Miescher in 1869; he named it as 'Nuclein'. However, due to technical limitations in isolating such a long polymer intact, the elucidation of the structure of DNA remained elusive for a very long period of time. It was only in 1953 that James Watson and Francis Crick, based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, proposed a very simple but famous Double Helix model for the structure of DNA. One of the hallmarks of their proposition was base pairing between the two strands of polynucleotide chains. However, this proposition was also based on the observation of Erwin Chargaff that for a double-stranded DNA, the ratios between Adenine and Thymine and between Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equal one.

Question :
According to the passage, what is the chemical name of thymine ?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions (Q41 - Q45) :

Structure and Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
In RNA, every nucleotide residue has an additional -OH group present at the 2' position in the ribose. Also, in RNA, uracil is found in place of thymine (5-methyl uracil, another chemical name for thymine).
DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus was first identified by Friedrich Miescher in 1869; he named it as 'Nuclein'. However, due to technical limitations in isolating such a long polymer intact, the elucidation of the structure of DNA remained elusive for a very long period of time. It was only in 1953 that James Watson and Francis Crick, based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, proposed a very simple but famous Double Helix model for the structure of DNA. One of the hallmarks of their proposition was base pairing between the two strands of polynucleotide chains. However, this proposition was also based on the observation of Erwin Chargaff that for a double-stranded DNA, the ratios between Adenine and Thymine and between Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equal one.

Question :
Based on the passage, which nitrogenous base is present in RNA but absent in DNA ?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions (Q41 - Q45) :

Structure and Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
In RNA, every nucleotide residue has an additional -OH group present at the 2' position in the ribose. Also, in RNA, uracil is found in place of thymine (5-methyl uracil, another chemical name for thymine).
DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus was first identified by Friedrich Miescher in 1869; he named it as 'Nuclein'. However, due to technical limitations in isolating such a long polymer intact, the elucidation of the structure of DNA remained elusive for a very long period of time. It was only in 1953 that James Watson and Francis Crick, based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, proposed a very simple but famous Double Helix model for the structure of DNA. One of the hallmarks of their proposition was base pairing between the two strands of polynucleotide chains. However, this proposition was also based on the observation of Erwin Chargaff that for a double-stranded DNA, the ratios between Adenine and Thymine and between Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equal one.

Question :
According to Chargaff's rules stated in the passage, what is the ratio between Guanine ($G$) and Cytosine ($C$) in double-stranded DNA ?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions (Q41 - Q45) :

Structure and Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
In RNA, every nucleotide residue has an additional -OH group present at the 2' position in the ribose. Also, in RNA, uracil is found in place of thymine (5-methyl uracil, another chemical name for thymine).
DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus was first identified by Friedrich Miescher in 1869; he named it as 'Nuclein'. However, due to technical limitations in isolating such a long polymer intact, the elucidation of the structure of DNA remained elusive for a very long period of time. It was only in 1953 that James Watson and Francis Crick, based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, proposed a very simple but famous Double Helix model for the structure of DNA. One of the hallmarks of their proposition was base pairing between the two strands of polynucleotide chains. However, this proposition was also based on the observation of Erwin Chargaff that for a double-stranded DNA, the ratios between Adenine and Thymine and between Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equal one.

Question :
What was the original name given to DNA when it was first identified by Friedrich Miescher in 1869 ?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions (Q41 - Q45) :

Structure and Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
In RNA, every nucleotide residue has an additional -OH group present at the 2' position in the ribose. Also, in RNA, uracil is found in place of thymine (5-methyl uracil, another chemical name for thymine).
DNA as an acidic substance present in the nucleus was first identified by Friedrich Miescher in 1869; he named it as 'Nuclein'. However, due to technical limitations in isolating such a long polymer intact, the elucidation of the structure of DNA remained elusive for a very long period of time. It was only in 1953 that James Watson and Francis Crick, based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, proposed a very simple but famous Double Helix model for the structure of DNA. One of the hallmarks of their proposition was base pairing between the two strands of polynucleotide chains. However, this proposition was also based on the observation of Erwin Chargaff that for a double-stranded DNA, the ratios between Adenine and Thymine and between Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equal one.

Question :
Who proposed the renowned 'Double Helix' model for the structure of DNA in 1953 based on X-ray diffraction data ?

Which one of the following chemicals is NOT used in the preservation of fruit products?

Based on the passage given below, answer the question that follows :

Most of the fruits are perishable. Heavy weight, larger volume and delicacy are the threats in transport, storage and marketing of the fruits. We can overcome these problems by way of preservation. Preservation is nothing but a technique of extending storage life of the product without deterioration in its edible quality for its future use. Principles involved in preservation are prevention or delay of microbial decomposition, prevention or delay of self decomposition of the product and prevention or minimizing damages by insect pests and diseases. Physical methods, chemical methods and asepsis are the different methods of preservation. Jam, jelly and pickles are the preserved products of fruits.

Which of the following is NOT a principle involved in the preservation process?

Based on the passage given below, answer the question that follows :

Most of the fruits are perishable. Heavy weight, larger volume and delicacy are the threats in transport, storage and marketing of the fruits. We can overcome these problems by way of preservation. Preservation is nothing but a technique of extending storage life of the product without deterioration in its edible quality for its future use. Principles involved in preservation are prevention or delay of microbial decomposition, prevention or delay of self decomposition of the product and prevention or minimizing damages by insect pests and diseases. Physical methods, chemical methods and asepsis are the different methods of preservation. Jam, jelly and pickles are the preserved products of fruits.

Which one of the following is a recognized method of preservation mentioned in the passage?

Based on the passage given below, answer the question that follows :

Most of the fruits are perishable. Heavy weight, larger volume and delicacy are the threats in transport, storage and marketing of the fruits. We can overcome these problems by way of preservation. Preservation is nothing but a technique of extending storage life of the product without deterioration in its edible quality for its future use. Principles involved in preservation are prevention or delay of microbial decomposition, prevention or delay of self decomposition of the product and prevention or minimizing damages by insect pests and diseases. Physical methods, chemical methods and asepsis are the different methods of preservation. Jam, jelly and pickles are the preserved products of fruits.

Which one of the following is NOT a preserved product of fruits?

Based on the passage given below, answer the question that follows :

Most of the fruits are perishable. Heavy weight, larger volume and delicacy are the threats in transport, storage and marketing of the fruits. We can overcome these problems by way of preservation. Preservation is nothing but a technique of extending storage life of the product without deterioration in its edible quality for its future use. Principles involved in preservation are prevention or delay of microbial decomposition, prevention or delay of self decomposition of the product and prevention or minimizing damages by insect pests and diseases. Physical methods, chemical methods and asepsis are the different methods of preservation. Jam, jelly and pickles are the preserved products of fruits.

Which term describes the technique of extending the storage life of a product without deterioration in its quality?

Based on the passage given below, answer the question that follows :

Most of the fruits are perishable. Heavy weight, larger volume and delicacy are the threats in transport, storage and marketing of the fruits. We can overcome these problems by way of preservation. Preservation is nothing but a technique of extending storage life of the product without deterioration in its edible quality for its future use. Principles involved in preservation are prevention or delay of microbial decomposition, prevention or delay of self decomposition of the product and prevention or minimizing damages by insect pests and diseases. Physical methods, chemical methods and asepsis are the different methods of preservation. Jam, jelly and pickles are the preserved products of fruits.

The problems of fruits during transport, storage, and marketing can be overcome by: