कंटेनरों/डिब्बों में भोजन का निर्जीवीकरण (Sterilization) किसके... | Agrigyan

In rice milling technology:

• Statement (I) is incorrect: Parboiling is an optional hydrothermal treatment (soaking, steaming, drying) applied to rough rice. Millions of tonnes of paddy are milled directly as raw/white rice without undergoing any parboiling; hence it is NOT a mandatory operation.
• Statement (II) is correct: During parboiling, starch in the endosperm gelatinizes and fuses together, cementing internal micro-fissures and chalky zones. This hardens the kernel, increasing resistance to abrasive shearing and dramatically minimizing kernel breakage, thereby maximizing head rice recovery (often increasing it by 5–10%).

In seed technology and processing equipment:
Seed dressing is the mechanical or chemical application of fungicides, insecticides, or nematicides (in dry powder, slurry, or liquid mist form) to the outer surface of seeds prior to sowing to shield germinating seeds and young seedlings from soil-borne pathogens and insect attack.
Seed priming is controlled hydration to trigger pre-germinative metabolic activity.
Seed conditioning refers to post-harvest cleaning, sizing, and grading.

A standard Psychrometric Chart graphically presents the thermodynamic properties of moist air at a fixed atmospheric pressure:
Properties plotted and directly readable include: Dry bulb temperature, Wet bulb temperature, Dew point temperature (A), Relative humidity, Specific humidity / humidity ratio (D), Humid volume (C), and Enthalpy.
In contrast, the Triple point (B) of water is a specific fundamental thermodynamic state point (0.01°C, 611.7 Pa) located on a general pressure-temperature phase diagram of pure water, NOT a variable property plotted on psychrometric charts.

In grain processing and seed cleaning machinery:
Grain separators classified strictly on the basis of length separation are:

• Indented Cylinder Separator (A): Rotating drum lined with precise hemispherical indents that pick up shorter kernels and drop them into an internal trough while longer kernels reject the indents and discharge at the end.
• Disk Separator (C): Vertical rotating disks with undercut pockets that lift short seeds out of a grain mass based on seed length.
  In contrast, the Inclined draper (B) separates seeds based on shape and surface friction/rollability, while the Rotary screen (D) separates seeds based on width and thickness.