नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं: कथन (I) : असमान तीव्रताओं वाली मध्यम... | Agrigyan

Core Activities of the Command Area Development Programme (CADP):

• Statement (A) is Correct: Modernization of irrigation infrastructure, canal lining, rotational water distribution (Warabandi), and main drainage network improvements are foundational CADP components.
• Statement (B) is Correct: Construction of micro-level on-farm water delivery networks (field channels / watercourses) bridges the gap between canal outlets and farm holdings.
• Statement (C) is Incorrect: Land shaping, contour grading, and precision land levelling are absolute prerequisites for uniform water application under surface irrigation; stating they are 'not required' is false.
• Statement (D) is Correct: Construction of field drains to remove excess water and prevent waterlogging and soil salinization is an essential on-farm development activity.

Characteristics of H-Flumes for Runoff Measurement:

• Statement (A) is Correct: Designed by USDA-SCS, H-flumes feature triangular sloping throats that provide high measurement sensitivity at low base flows while safely passing large flood discharges.
• Statement (B) is Correct: The self-scouring converging design prevents sediment accumulation in the approach section, allowing seamless integration with Coshocton wheel or automated silt samplers.
• Statement (C) is Correct: Standard H-flumes efficiently gauge flows between $0.009\text{ m}^3/\text{s}$ and $0.85\text{ m}^3/\text{s}$.
• Statement (D) is Correct: For lower discharges ($\lt 0.022\text{ cumec}$), HS flumes (H-Small) are utilized, while HL flumes (H-Large) handle higher discharges up to $3.3\text{ cumec}$.
• Statement (E) is Excluded: Pre-fabricated standard flumes rely on standard rating curves, but field installations require calibration/verification against non-standard approach channel effects.

Matching of Closed-Conduit Flow Measurement Instruments:

• Venturimeter matches with (IV) Discharge measurement: Operates on Bernoulli's principle to determine pipeline volumetric flow rate via differential pressure between inlet and constricted throat.
• Pitot tube matches with (II) Inverted U-tube: Measures point stagnation velocity head, commonly coupled with an inverted U-tube differential manometer for low pressure heads.
• Orifice matches with (I) End of pipe: Circular orifice plates placed at the discharge end of a horizontal pipe are standard field devices for measuring pump discharge from agricultural wells.
• Elbow meter matches with (III) Flow coefficient 0.63 to 0.83: Exploits centrifugal force around a $90^\circ$ pipe bend to correlate radial pressure difference with flow, having a characteristic discharge coefficient in the range of 0.63–0.83.