Agricultural Extension Education- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Management by Exception (MBE):
• Formulated by Frederick Winslow Taylor, Management by Exception is a fundamental principle of Organizational Control.
• It dictates that executive managers should focus their time and corrective interventions solely on exceptional, critical variances where actual operational performance departs significantly from established standards, while routine, acceptable operations should be left to frontline subordinates.

Correct option: (3) Organisational control

• PERT vs. CPM Characteristics:
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT): Developed by the US Navy in 1958 for the Polaris missile project; probabilistic network model utilizing beta-distributed three-time estimates for uncertain R&D projects.
• Critical Path Method (CPM): A deterministic model developed by DuPont and Remington Rand used primarily for routine, repetitive industrial and construction projects where activity times are predictable with certainty.
• Therefore, stating that PERT is “More used in projects like construction” is untrue / false, making Option 3 correct.

Correct option: (3) More used in projects like construction

• Technical Feasibility Analysis in Project Appraisal:
• Technical feasibility examines engineering and production parameters:
• Physical plant location, site layout, and agro-climatic suitability.
• Availability of raw materials, machinery, power, and water.
• Effluent treatment, waste disposal, and environmental pollution compliance.
• Technology transfer and foreign technical collaborations.
• Generation of Employment: Represents a macroeconomic social and developmental benefit, NOT a parameter of internal technical engineering feasibility.

Correct option: (2) Generation of employment

• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY):
• Launched on World Youth Skills Day (July 15, 2015), PMKVY is the flagship skill development scheme of the Government of India.
• Administrative Execution: While the overarching administrative ministry is the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), actual ground implementation is executed through the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) alongside sector skill councils and training partners.
• Key components include Short Term Training (STT), Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), and Special Projects.

Correct option: (2) Implemented by Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship