Which of the following are principles of gender mainstreaming... | Agrigyan

• WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT):
• Effective January 1, 1995, the WTO TBT Agreement ensures that technical regulations, product standards, testing, and certification procedures do not create unnecessary non-tariff barriers to trade.
• In agriculture, TBT governs food packaging, mandatory labeling, nutritional disclosure, and quality dimensions to prevent protectionist discrimination while preserving national regulatory sovereignty.

Correct option: (2) Non-tariff barriers

• Gender Budgeting:
• Gender Budgeting refers to an affirmative public finance tool and governance strategy that uses the government fiscal budget to shape policies, set expenditure priorities, and allocate financial resources specifically to address gender disparities and meet the socio-economic needs of women.
• In India, Gender Budgeting was formally introduced in Union Budget 2005-06, featuring a dedicated Gender Budget Statement (Statement 20, Part A and Part B).

Correct option: (2) Gender budgeting

• Gender Equity vs. Gender Equality:
• Gender Equity: Recognizes that women and men have different historical, social, and structural disadvantages; therefore, fairness requires affirmative measures, special reservations, and compensatory treatments to establish a level playing field.
• Providing 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies (enacted via the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam / 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023) is a classic manifestation of Gender Equity enacted as affirmative action to achieve substantive gender equality in political governance.

Correct option: (2) Gender equity