Agricultural Extension Education- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Chronological Launch of Central Agricultural Initiatives:
• Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Launched on February 18, 2016 (effective Kharif 2016) to provide comprehensive crop insurance coverage.
• Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana (PMKSY): Approved in May 2017 (Scheme for Agro-Marine Processing and Development of Agro-Processing Clusters) under MoFPI.
• Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA): Approved by Cabinet in September 2018 to ensure remunerative prices through Price Support Scheme (PSS), Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS), and pilot PPSS.
• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): Announced in interim budget on February 1, 2019 (made effective retroactively from December 1, 2018).
• Correct Chronological Sequence: (D) 2016 $\rightarrow$ (C) 2017 $\rightarrow$ (B) 2018 $\rightarrow$ (A) 2019, corresponding to Option 2.

Correct option: (2) (D), (C), (B), (A)

• Father of Artificial Intelligence: John McCarthy:
• American computer scientist and cognitive scientist John McCarthy (1927–2011) is universally recognized as the Father of Artificial Intelligence.
• In 1955, McCarthy coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” in the proposal for the famous 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. He also invented the LISP programming language (1958) and developed early computer time-sharing concepts.
• Distractors: Ada Lovelace (first computer programmer); Allen Newell (AI pioneer who co-developed Logic Theorist with Herbert Simon).

Correct option: (1) John McCarthy

• ICT Initiatives in Agriculture and Allied Disciplines:
• vKVK $\rightarrow$ (III) Connects KVKs with farmers through internet and mobile technology: Virtual Krishi Vigyan Kendra developed by IIT Bombay and ICAR to provide cloud-based mobile advisory.
• M-Velanmai $\rightarrow$ (IV) AI based crop care advisories for paddy farmers: Mobile-based agricultural advisory service developed by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU).
• Farm-o-pedia $\rightarrow$ (I) Offers a multilingual Android application for rural Gujarat: Multilingual mobile app developed for farmers in rural Gujarat to assist with crop advisory and livestock management.
• Pusa Krishi $\rightarrow$ (II) Promotes agribusiness ventures through technology development and commercialization: Official mobile app and incubation network developed by ICAR-IARI to license patented technologies to agri-startups and farmers.
• Correct Match: (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II), corresponding to Option 3.

Correct option: (3) (A) - (Ill), (B)-(V), (C)~ (), (D) -()