• Transgenic Animals: A transgenic animal is an organism whose genome has been stably modified by the deliberate introduction of an exogenous gene (transgene) from another species using recombinant DNA technology.
• Transmission to All Cells:
• Because transgenes are introduced into the germline (at the one-cell zygote stage via pronuclear microinjection, lentiviral transduction, or embryonic stem cell transfer), the foreign DNA integrates into the host chromosomes and is replicated during mitosis.
• Consequently, the transgene is present in all somatic and germ cells of the resulting founder animal and can be transmitted stably to offspring in a Mendelian fashion. Animals with foreign DNA in only some cells are chimeras or mosaics, not fully transgenic.

Correct option: (2) Foreign DNA in all its cells

• Core Steps of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS):

• Library Construction: Genomic DNA or cDNA is fragmented to target sizes, end-repaired, A-tailed, and ligated with platform-specific sequencing adapters containing index barcodes.
• Clonal Amplification: Adapter-ligated DNA fragments are clonally amplified to generate dense clusters (via bridge amplification on Illumina flow cells or emulsion PCR on beads in Ion Torrent) to produce detectable fluorescent/pH signal intensity.
• Sequencing: Massive parallel cyclic sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) where fluorescently labeled reversible terminators are incorporated and imaged cycle-by-cycle.
  
  Correct option: (1) Library construction, Amplification, Sequencing