Conjugation: Direct transfer of genetic material (plasmid or chromosomal DNA) from a donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium through physical cell-to-cell contact mediated by a sex pilus (conjugation tube). (Correct answer)
Transposition: Movement of discrete mobile genetic elements called transposons ("jumping genes") from one genomic location to another within the same cell, catalyzed by transposase.
Transfection: Artificial introduction of foreign naked nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) into eukaryotic host cells using non-viral chemical or physical techniques.
Transduction: Horizontal gene transfer between bacterial cells mediated by a bacteriophage (viral vector), occurring without direct physical contact between the bacteria.
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