Q81: A production disease, related to negative energy balance in lactating... - Nutritional and Production Pathology - Veterinary Pathology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024 | Agrigyan

• Metabolic Etiology of Bovine Ketosis: Ketosis (acetonemia) is a classic nutritional-metabolic production disease in high-yielding dairy cattle occurring during the transition period and early lactation ($2\text{--}7\text{ weeks}$ postpartum).
• Negative Energy Balance (NEB): Energy demands for peak milk lactose synthesis outstrip dry matter intake, creating a profound negative energy balance. The cow mobilizes large reserves of adipose non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) to the liver. Incomplete hepatic oxidation due to oxaloacetate depletion diverts acetyl-CoA into excessive synthesis of ketone bodies (acetoacetate, $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate, acetone), inducing clinical ketosis, hypoglycemia, and fatty liver syndrome.
• Contrasting Diseases:
• Parturient Paresis (Milk Fever): Acute disturbance of calcium homeostasis (hypocalcemia).
• Postparturient Hemoglobinuria: Acute hemolytic disorder driven by severe hypophosphatemia.

Correct option: (2) Ketosis