Poultry Science- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Statement (I) is True: Infrared heat lamps emit radiant infrared energy that passes through air without heating it directly; energy is converted into heat only when absorbed by physical objects (the bodies of chicks and the floor litter beneath).
• Statement (II) is True: Standard electric hover brooders provide localized heating under the hover canopy and do not heat the general air mass of the house in sub-zero winter temperatures, requiring supplementary room space heating.

Correct option: (1) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true.

• Statement (I) is False: Collecting hatching eggs in wire baskets causes excessive egg-to-egg collision, shell hairline cracks, and microbial transmission; hatching eggs must always be collected directly into sanitized moulded pulp or plastic filler flats.
• Statement (II) is False: Normal optimal litter moisture is $20\text{ to }25\%$. Excess ammonia emission and litter caking occur when litter moisture exceeds $25\text{--}30\%$, not $15\%$ (litter below $20\%$ is dusty).
• Conclusion: Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.

Correct option: (2) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false.

• Statement (I) is True: Low-level chemical disinfectants (e.g., standard quaternary ammonium compounds) kill most vegetative bacteria, lipid-enveloped viruses, and some fungi, but fail against bacterial endospores and non-enveloped viruses.
• Statement (II) is False: For industrial poultry biosecurity and sanitation, chemical disinfectants should have a rapid kill time (minimum necessary contact time) so that disinfection is accomplished quickly without requiring hours of surface wetness.
• Conclusion: Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false.

Correct option: (3) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false.