DNA microinjection into embryos for generation of transgenic... | Agrigyan

All Subjects General Agriculture Cellular Basis of Animal Physiology Biomolecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology Cell Organization, Biomembranes, Chromatin & Acid-Base Buffers Blood and Circulation Cell Biology Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids Chemistry of Amino Acids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids Respiration Fundamental Cellular Processes Enzymology Excretion Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Methods Digestion Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Animal Tissue Culture and Hybridoma Technology Muscle Physiology Embryo Transfer and Related Techniques Nutritional & Endocrine Biochemistry Nervous System Tissue & Organ System Biochemistry and Organ Function Tests Reproduction and Lactation Analytical & Molecular Biochemical Techniques Environmental Pollution, Detoxification & Cancer Biochemistry Molecular Immunology Climate Physiology
66
Veterinary Biochemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Homopolymers can be added to DNA strands by using
67
Veterinary Biochemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Lymphocytes in whole blood can be stimulated with
68
Veterinary Biochemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Somatic cells can be synchronized to the G1 stage of the cell cycle by treatment with
69
Veterinary Biochemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
DNA microinjection into embryos for generation of transgenic animals can best be done at
70
Veterinary Biochemistry- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024
MCQ (Single Correct)
Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (PSCs) can be produced by transfection of somatic cells with genes

Veterinary Biochemistry Subjects

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General Agriculture

6 Topics
Agronomy, Tillage & Field Crop Production Agricultural Entomology, Nematology & Crop Protection Soil Science, Plant Nutrition & Reclamation Cell Biology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Agricultural Meteorology & Climate Science Crop Genetics, Plant Breeding & IPR

Biomolecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

2 Topics
Biophysical Principles of Biomolecular Conformation: Ramachandran Plot & Thermodynamic Stability Nucleic Acid Structures (A/B/Z-DNA, Quadruplexes) & Sequence-Specific Protein-DNA Interactions

Cell Organization, Biomembranes, Chromatin & Acid-Base Buffers

1 Topic
Fluid Mosaic Biomembrane Architecture, Transport Mechanisms & Glycocalyx

Cellular Basis of Animal Physiology

2 Topics
Cellular Ultrastructure, Nucleolus, Membrane Transport & Glycocalyx Body Fluid Compartments (ICF vs ECF), Osmolality & Starling Forces

Blood and Circulation

1 Topic
Hematopoiesis, Erythropoiesis (Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow) & Blood Indices

Cell Biology

2 Topics
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Regulation: Cyclins, CDKs, Checkpoints (G1/S, G2/M) & Senescence Membrane Ultrastructure, Lipid Rafts & Macromolecular Translocation across Membranes

Chemistry of Carbohydrates and Lipids

4 Topics
Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Stereochemistry & Reducing Sugar Dynamics Homopolysaccharides & Heteropolysaccharides (Mucopolysaccharides/GAGs) Fatty Acid Classification, Saturated vs Unsaturated & Trans-Fatty Acids Simple, Complex & Derived Lipids: Phospholipids, Sphingolipids & Glycolipids

Chemistry of Amino Acids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids

2 Topics
Amino Acid Classification, Physicochemical Properties, Zwitterions & Isoelectric Point Peptide Bond Formation & Primary/Secondary/Tertiary/Quaternary Protein Structure

Fundamental Cellular Processes

3 Topics
DNA Repair Pathways: Base/Nucleotide Excision, Non-Homologous End Joining & Homologous Recombination Translation Mechanisms, Ribosome Subunits, Polysome Profiling & Translational Ribosomal Stalling Epigenetic Gene Regulation: DNA Methylation, Histone Code & Non-Coding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA, lncRNA)

Respiration

1 Topic
Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Partial Pressures (Venous pO2 40 mmHg) & V/Q Matching

Enzymology

4 Topics
Allosteric Regulation, Covalent Modification, Proenzymes (Zymogens) & Isoenzymes Enzyme Classification (EC System 1-7), Nomenclature & Coenzymes/Cofactors Enzyme Inhibition: Competitive, Non-Competitive, Uncompetitive & Irreversible Enzyme Kinetics: Michaelis-Menten Model, Lineweaver-Burk Plot, Km & Vmax

Excretion

2 Topics
Renal Functional Anatomy, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) & Renal Clearance Endocrine Regulation of Renal Function: Aldosterone (Distal Tubule), ADH & ANP

Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism

5 Topics
Glycolytic Pathway, Pyruvate Oxidation & Aerobic/Anaerobic Energetics Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt, Uronic Acid Pathway & Gluconeogenesis De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis, Triacylglycerol & Phospholipid Biosynthesis Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA/Krebs) Cycle, Amphibolic Nature & Anaplerosis Glycogen Metabolism: Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis & Reciprocal Regulation

Digestion

2 Topics
Ruminant Pre-Gastric Fermentative Digestion: Rumen Ecology, Holotrichs & VFAs Nutrient Absorption Mechanisms across Rumen, Small Intestine & Large Intestine

Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Methods

2 Topics
Molecular Cloning Strategies: Restriction-Modification, Linkers/Adaptors & Directional Ligation Genomic & cDNA Library Construction, Screening & Ribosome-Bound Transcriptome Probing

Animal Tissue Culture and Hybridoma Technology

2 Topics
Primary Cell Culture vs Established Cell Lines: Media Formulation, Sera & Subculturing Protocols Cellular Immunotherapies: CAR-T Cell Engineering & Therapeutic Antibody Production

Molecular Biology & Recombinant DNA Technology

4 Topics
DNA Replication in Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes: Enzymes, Okazaki Fragments & Proofreading DNA Damage, Mutations & Repair Systems (BER, NER, Mismatch, Double-Strand) Transcription Mechanisms, RNA Polymerases, Promoters & Post-Transcriptional Processing Gene Expression Regulation: Lac Operon, Trp Operon & Eukaryotic Transcription Factors

Muscle Physiology

1 Topic
Muscle Energetics, Fiber Types (Red vs White), Rigor Mortis & Muscle Fatigue

Embryo Transfer and Related Techniques

2 Topics
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), Microinjection & Animal Cloning Milestones Transgenic Animal Production: Microinjection, Retro-viral Vectors, Stem Cells & Gene Farming Active

Nervous System

1 Topic
Motor Control & Cerebellar Coordination: Cerebellum as Error-Correcting Device

Nutritional & Endocrine Biochemistry

4 Topics
Peptide & Steroid Hormones: Classification, Biosynthesis & Signal Transduction Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K): Chemistry, Biological Role & Deficiency Water-Soluble Vitamins (B-Complex, Vitamin C): Coenzymatic Roles & Deficiency Metabolic Integration in Well-Fed, Starvation, Lactation & Diabetes Mellitus

Tissue & Organ System Biochemistry and Organ Function Tests

2 Topics
Muscle, Bone & Connective Tissue Biochemistry: Mineralization & Contraction Energetics Hepatic Function Tests: Bilirubin Metabolism, Jaundice, Transaminases & Alkaline Phosphatase

Analytical & Molecular Biochemical Techniques

2 Topics
Chromatography: Gel Filtration, Ion-Exchange, Affinity, TLC & HPLC Spectroscopy (UV-Vis, Fluorescence, Circular Dichroism) & Mass Spectrometry

Reproduction and Lactation

2 Topics
Male Reproductive Physiology: Spermatogenesis, Sertoli Cells & Pheromones Female Reproductive Cyclicity: Two vs Three Wave Estrous Cycles & Ovulation

Environmental Pollution, Detoxification & Cancer Biochemistry

2 Topics
Phase I & Phase II Xenobiotic Biotransformation: Cytochrome P450 & Conjugations Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Free Radicals, Antioxidant Systems (SOD, Catalase, GPx)

Climate Physiology

1 Topic
Climatic Heat Stress in Domestic Livestock: Heat Tolerance Indices at 65% RH

Molecular Immunology

1 Topic
Immunoglobulin Superfamily: Isotypes, Variable Domain Genetics & Somatic Hypermutation
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