ICAR AIEEA PG Community Science 09 July 2023 (Shift 1) Paper

Under ASME standard process chart conventions utilized in work study:

• Circle represents Operation
• Square represents Inspection
• Arrow represents Transport
• Semi-circle / D represents Delay (temporary holding)
• Triangle (inverted) represents Storage
  6. Combined symbol (circle inside square) represents Combined Activity

The ECO Mark scheme was instituted in $1991$ by the Ministry of Environment and Forests and administered by the Bureau of Indian Standards (represented by an earthen pot symbol). An ECO Mark is awarded exclusively to products that satisfy stringent quality criteria under Indian Standards (ISI) and exhibit minimal environmental impact, being recyclable, biodegradable, non-polluting, and energy-saving.

Eco-friendly building products utilize renewable agro-residues, waste minimization, or energy efficiency:

• Bagasse board is made from sugarcane fibrous waste, conserving wood and forests.
• Pre-cast slabs optimize concrete curing under factory conditions, reducing onsite waste and curing water.
• CFL lamps conserve electrical energy compared to incandescent bulbs.
• Petroleum is an exhaustible fossil fuel whose extraction, refining, and combustion generate substantial greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation.

In color theory:

• Analogous scheme utilizes adjacent colors on the color wheel (e.g. blue, blue-green, green).
• Monochromatic scheme is based on a single hue (color family) varied by using different values (tints created by adding white, like pale blue; shades created by adding black, like navy blue) and intensities.
• Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue.
• Complementary scheme pairs directly opposite colors on the wheel (e.g. blue and orange).