Which of the following is a correct abbreviation for CCP? | Agrigyan

The Codex Alimentarius Commission outlines exactly $7$ basic principles for developing and implementing a HACCP system: hazard analysis, identifying CCPs, establishing critical limits, establishing monitoring procedures, establishing corrective actions, verification procedures, and record-keeping.

Option analysis:

• One: Incorrect.
• Three: Incorrect.
• Five: Incorrect, represents preliminary steps rather than principles.
• Seven: Correct, Codex specifies seven foundational principles for any HACCP plan.

In dairy plant automation and process control engineering, PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller, a specialized digital computer used to control industrial electromechanical processes and automated production lines.

Option analysis:

• Product loss control: Incorrect term.
• Process logistic component: Incorrect engineering terminology.
• Programmable logic controller: Correct, standard automation microprocessor device.
• Project line consistency: Incorrect phrase.

Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) is a non-thermal food processing technology where short pulses of high voltage are applied across a fluid food placed between two electrodes. It requires liquid foods with high dielectric strength and homogeneous conductivity to prevent dielectric breakdown and arcing while achieving effective electroporation of microbial cell membranes.

Option analysis:

• Solid food materials: Unsuitable due to non-uniform electric field distribution and poor fluid pumping capability.
• Liquid food material with low dielectric strength: Low dielectric strength leads to electrical breakdown (sparking/arcing) rather than steady electroporation.
• Liquid food material with high dielectric strength: Correct, prevents electrical arcing and allows application of high field strengths ($20 - 50\text{ kV/cm}$).
• Food paste: High viscosity and trapped air bubbles cause non-uniform treatment and arcing.