Animal Reproduction - Gynaecology and Obstetrics- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Conformation Assessment of Rear Limbs in Breeding Bulls:
• Side-Profile Evaluations: Sickle hock (excessive angulation of the hock joint), post-legged (straight hock with $\lt 130^\circ$ angle), and camped behind (legs set too far back) are assessed by viewing the bull strictly from the lateral side.
• Rear-View Evaluations: Bow-legged (varus deformity where hocks turn outward and toes turn inward) and cow-hocked (valgus deformity where hocks point toward each other) cannot be properly diagnosed from the side; they require direct rear-aspect visual inspection.

Correct option: (4) Bow legged

• Cryopreserved Semen Thawing Protocol: The international standard, universally recommended thawing parameter for 0.25 ml (mini) and 0.5 ml (medium) cryopreserved bovine semen straws is $37^\circ\text{C}$ for 30 seconds in a thermoregulated water bath.
• Cryobiological Rationale: Rapid thawing at $37^\circ\text{C}$ minimizes recrystallization of microscopic ice crystals within sperm head membranes, preventing membrane rupture, acrosomal swelling, and mitochondrial enzyme leakage.

Correct option: (2) 37 degrees celcius for 30 seconds

• Spermatogenesis Duration in the Bull: The complete duration of the spermatogenic process (from spermatogonial division through differentiation into mature testicular spermatozoa) in the bull is approximately 54 to 61 days (classically cited as 54 days).
• Stages: Comprises $\sim 4.5$ cycles of the seminiferous epithelium (each cycle lasting $\sim 13.5\text{ days}$), followed by an additional 8–11 days of post-testicular maturation and transit through the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymidis.

Correct option: (2) 54 days