Animal Reproduction - Gynaecology and Obstetrics- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Osteology of the Equine Sternum:
• The equine sternum (breastbone) resembles a canoe or ship's keel (laterally compressed cranial carina).
• It is composed of unsegmented sternebral cartilages and ossified segments:
• In the adult horse, there are 7 sternal segments / sternebrae (or associated with 8 pairs of true/sternal ribs).
• nalysis:
• (Seven): Correct number of sternal segments.

Correct option: (3) Seven

• Comparative Anatomy of the Patellar Ligament:
• Dog and Cat: Possess a single, strong patellar ligament (patellar tendon) extending from the distal apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.
• Large Ruminants and Horse: Possess three patellar ligaments (medial, middle, and lateral patellar ligaments), adapted for the passive stay apparatus and patellar locking mechanism.
• nalysis:
• (One): Correct number in dogs.

Correct option: (1) One

• Obstructive Urolithiasis in Goats and Rams:
• Uroliths (struvite, calcium carbonate) travel down the pelvic urethra and sigmoid flexure.
• In male goats and sheep, the distal end of the penis terminates in a narrow, projecting vermiform appendage called the urethral process (filiform appendage).
• Because this process has the narrowest lumen of the entire urinary tract, it is the single most common site for urethral calculi obstruction in bucks and rams. Amputation of the urethral process is often the immediate emergency therapeutic step.
• nalysis:
• (Urethral process): Correct.

Correct option: (3) Urethral process