Arrange the following principles of disease control in the... | Agrigyan

• Diagnostic Superiority of Ultrasonography: The primary diagnostic advantage of ultrasound over conventional radiography in soft-tissue evaluation is its ability to differentiate between fluid and soft-tissue structures.
• Acoustic Physics: On radiographs, fluids (blood, transudate, urine) and soft tissues share identical radiographic opacity. On ultrasonography, free fluids appear distinctly anechoic (black), allowing precise differentiation of cystic, fluid-filled, and solid soft-tissue architecture.

Correct option: (3) It can differentiate between fluid and soft tissue.

• Animal Welfare Definition of Stressors: In veterinary ethology and animal welfare science, stressors are defined as external environmental, physical, or social stimuli that provoke adaptive physiological and behavioral responses (allostatic load) in an animal attempting to maintain homeostasis.

Correct option: (1) Environmental factors that cause physiological and behavioral responses

• Clinical Signs of Dehydration in Equines:
• Dehydration in horses is clinically characterized by sunken eyes (enophthalmos), inelastic skin (prolonged skin tent tenting $\gt 2\text{--}4\text{ s}$), dry mucous membranes, and dull cornea.
• Enlarged eyeballs (exophthalmos) is NEVER seen in dehydration (eyes retract into the orbit due to retrobulbar fat/fluid depletion). In the question key context, findings B and D are indicated as remarkable/unremarkable distinctions [Option 4].

Correct option: (4) (B) and (D) only.

• Cellular Transport of Brucella: Following penetration across mucous membranes, Brucella organisms are phagocytosed by macrophages and dendritic cells.
• Facultative Intracellular Survival: As facultative intracellular pathogens, Brucella inhibits phagolysosomal fusion, surviving and multiplying within macrophage phagosomes. The infected macrophages transport the bacteria via lymphatic vessels to regional lymph nodes and subsequently to systemic sites (spleen, liver, gravid uterus, testes).

Correct option: (3) Macrophages