Why oxygen therapy is of minimal value in animals with anemia or... | Agrigyan

• Adverse Effects of Stroma-Free Hemoglobin: A major pharmacological complication of administering acellular or stroma-free hemoglobin solutions (HBOCs) is severe vasoconstriction and systemic hypertension.
• Mechanism: Free tetrameric/dimeric hemoglobin readily extravasates through endothelial pores into vascular smooth muscle, avidly scavenging endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO / EDRF) and triggering profound systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Correct option: (2) Vasoconstriction

• Core Scope of Veterinary Ethics: In veterinary jurisprudence and professional regulation, veterinary ethics focuses primarily on the professional conduct, moral responsibilities, and standards of practice of veterinarians toward patients, animal owners, peers, and society.

Correct option: (3) Professional conduct and morals of veterinarians

• Reproductive Pathology of Bovine Brucellosis: Chronic infection with Brucella abortus in bulls causes purulent necrotizing orchitis and epididymitis.
• Outcome on Fertility: Degeneration of seminiferous tubules, testicular fibrosis, and occlusion of epididymal ducts result in irreversible sterility (permanent loss of reproductive capacity), alongside shedding of viable Brucella in seminal fluid.

Correct option: (3) Sterility