Veterinary Surgery and Radiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Surgical Treatment of Upward Fixation of Patella (UFP): In bovine and equine surgery, the definitive surgical treatment for upward fixation of the patella (stringhalt/patellar lock) is Medial Patellar Desmotomy.
• Surgical Anatomy: The patella possesses three straight ligaments in large animals: medial, middle, and lateral. UFP occurs when the medial patellar ligament's fibrocartilage hooks persistently over the medial femoral trochlear ridge. Severing the medial patellar ligament completely abolishes the locking mechanism, restoring normal stifle flexion immediately.

Correct option: (2) Medial patellar ligament

• Radiotherapy Energy Classifications:
• Deep X-Ray Therapy (Orthovoltage Therapy): Administered using X-ray units operating in the $200\text{--}300\text{ keV}$ (or $200\text{--}500\text{ kVp}$) energy range, providing adequate penetration for moderately deep canine and feline soft-tissue neoplasms.
• Superficial X-Ray Therapy: Operates at $50\text{--}150\text{ kVp}$ for superficial cutaneous lesions.
• Supervoltage / Megavoltage Therapy: Operates at photon energies $\gt 1\text{ MeV}$ (linear accelerators, cobalt-60 teletherapy).

Correct option: (2) Deep X-ray therapy

Evaluating the Assertion and Reason concerning Trachea and oesophagus:

The correct answer is Option 3: (A) is true but (R) is false.