Veterinary Surgery and Radiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Opioid Actions of Morphine:
• Classical Effects: Pure $\mu$-opioid receptor agonist producing profound visceral analgesia, dose-dependent central respiratory depression (decreased sensitivity of medullary centers to $\text{CO}_2$), and sedation.
• Gastrointestinal Action: Morphine causes severe constipation by increasing segmental smooth muscle tone, abolishing coordinated propulsive peristalsis, and increasing anal sphincter tone.
• Exclusion: Diarrhea is NEVER a characteristic pharmacological effect of morphine (it is an antidiarrheal action).

Correct option: (4) Diarrhoea

• Angular Limb Deformities of the Carpus:
• Carpus Valgus: Defined as the lateral deviation of the limb distal to the carpus ('knock-kneed' conformation).
• Carpus Varus: Defined as the medial deviation of the limb distal to the carpus, also commonly called bow-legs or bandy-legged conformation.
• Distinction: Therefore, lateral deviation of the carpus is Carpus valgus, whereas terms like bow-legs, bandy-legged, and carpus varus apply strictly to medial deviation.

Correct option: (2) Carpus valgus

Matching the items of List I with List II for Interaction of particulate and non-particulate radiations with matter:

The correct combination is Option 2: (A) - (IV), (B) - (1), (C) - (HN), (D) - (ttl).

Correct option: (2) (A) - (IV), (B) - (1), (C) - (HN), (D) - (ttl)