Veterinary Surgery and Radiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Equine Conformation Assessment: In ideal equine cervical conformation, the dorsal length of the neck (from poll to withers) should be approximately DOUBLE the ventral length (from throatlatch to breast) (2:1 ratio).
• Biomechanical Significance: A longer dorsal neck arch provides superior flexibility, athletic carriage, and proper positioning of the center of gravity.

Correct option: (3) Double

• Cholecystopaque Radiographic Contrast Agents: Meglumine iodoxamate (and related iodipamide compounds) is an intravenous biliary contrast agent (cholecystopaque) used for cholecystography and cholangiography.
• Pharmacokinetics: Actively cleared by hepatocytes and concentrated in bile, outlining the gallbladder and biliary duct system on radiographs.
• Non-Cholecystopaques: Barium sulphate (GIT), Metrizamide (myelography), Propyliodone (bronchography).

Correct option: (3) Meglumine iodoxamate

• Vascular Dynamics in Early Fracture Healing: In the early inflammatory and reparative phase of fracture repair, the disrupted medullary arterial supply is temporarily replaced by a predominant Extraosseous blood supply.
• Angiogenic Source: Surrounding soft tissues, periosteal attachments, and muscular pedicles undergo massive neoangiogenesis, forming a temporary extraosseous vascular network that nourishes the periosteal callus.

Correct option: (3) Extraosseous blood supply