नीचे दो कथन दिए गए हैं: कथन (I): मृदा परिच्छेदिका (Soil profile)... | Agrigyan

In groundwater hydrology and hydrogeology:
Statement (A) is correct: The porosity (\(n\)) of an aquifer material depends on packing arrangement, particle shape, and grain sorting (degree of assortment). Poorly sorted soils have lower porosity because fine particles fill void spaces.
Statement (B) is incorrect: For uniform spherical particles, cubic packing yields the maximum porosity (\(n = 47.64\%\)), whereas rhombohedral (close-packed) arrangement yields the \lt strong\gt minimum porosity\lt /strong\gt (\(n = 25.95\%\)).
Statement (C) is correct: Transmissivity (\(T = K \times b\), where \(K\) is hydraulic conductivity in \(\text{m}/\text{day}\) and \(b\) is aquifer thickness in \(\text{m}\)) is expressed in \(\text{m}^2/\text{day}\).

Calculation of rainfall volume:
Rainfall depth \(d = 1\text{ cm} = 0.01\text{ m} = 10^{-2}\text{ m}\). Catchment area \(A = 1\text{ km}^2 = (1000\text{ m})^2 = 10^6\text{ m}^2\).
Volume of water \(V = A \times d = 10^6\text{ m}^2 \times 10^{-2}\text{ m} = 10^4\text{ m}^3\) (or 1 hectare-meter = 10,000 \(\text{m}^3\)).

Matching of hydrological processes and principles:
(A) Evaporation matches with (IV) Dalton's law: Evaporation rate from open water is governed by Dalton's law, \(E = C(e_s - e_a)\).
(B) Infiltration matches with (III) Rate of entry of rain water in to soil: Infiltration is the physical process of water penetrating into the soil surface from precipitation.
(C) Low evaporation matches with (II) Humid day: High atmospheric relative humidity (vapor pressure \(e_a\) close to saturation \(e_s\)) substantially reduces the vapor pressure gradient, resulting in low evaporation.
(D) Evapotranspiration matches with (V) Blaney-Criddle: The Blaney-Criddle method is a classic temperature-based empirical formula used to estimate consumptive use (evapotranspiration).
(E) Transpiration matches with (I) Plant leaves: Transpiration is the biological vaporization of water from plant leaves through stomata.