Veterinary Surgery and Radiology- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Chronology of Testicular Descent into the Scrotum:
• Cat: Testes are situated in the scrotum at or shortly after birth (III. 2–5 days after birth).
• Dog: Testes migrate through the inguinal canal between the last days of gestation and enter the scrotum shortly after birth (IV. B/w last few days of gestation & few days after birth, typically palpable by 10–14 days).
• Sheep (Ram): Testicular descent is early and strictly intrauterine, completed during mid-gestation (I. ~80 days) of fetal life.
• Horse (Colt): Testes normally descend into the scrotum around birth or (II) Few days after birth (up to 10–14 days postpartum).
• Matching Result:
• (III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II). Hence, Option 4 is correct.

• Pathology of Hydramnios (Dropsy of the Amnion):
• Hydramnios is excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid ($15 - 40\text{ L}$) caused primarily by fetal malformations that impair normal fetal swallowing and trans-amniotic fluid recycling:
• Bulldog calf in Dexter cattle: Lethal chondrodysplasia with severe craniofacial malformations preventing fetal deglutition.
• Brachygnathic calves in Angus cattle: Extreme mandibular/maxillary shortening preventing swallowing.
• Both genetic conditions (A and B) cause secondary hydramnios.
• nalysis:
• (Both A & B are correct): Correct.

Correct option: (3) Both A & B are correct

• Pathology of Fetal Maceration:
• Fetal maceration occurs following fetal death when the corpus luteum regresses, the cervix partially opens, but abortion fails to occur.
• Saprophytic and pyogenic bacteria enter from the vagina, lysing and putrefying fetal soft tissues leaving clean fetal bones floating in foul pus within the uterus.
• Because maceration requires prior fetal skeletal mineralization (bones), it can occur at any stage of gestation after bone formation is established (typically mid-to-late gestation).
• nalysis:
• (At any stage): Correct.

Correct option: (4) Atany stage