Agricultural Extension Education- ICAR JRF/SRF 2024

• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY):
• Formulated pursuant to Section 4 of the National Food Security Act, 2013 and implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development since January 1, 2017.
• PMMVY provides a direct conditional cash transfer incentive of ₹5,000 in installments directly into the bank accounts of pregnant women and lactating mothers for the first living child (with an enhanced ₹6,000 incentive for a second female child) to compensate for wage loss and promote institutional nutrition and delivery.

Correct option: (2) Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana

• Gender Identity vs. Gender Expression:
• Gender Identity: A person's deeply felt, internal, and experienced sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond with their biological sex assigned at birth.
• When an individual assigned male at birth feels and experiences themselves as a girl, this experienced psychological sense of gender is termed their Gender Identity.
• Distractors: Gender expression refers to external behavioral presentation (clothing, voice); sexual orientation refers to romantic/emotional attraction.

Correct option: (3) Gender identity

• Supreme Court Handbook on Combating Gender Stereotypes:
• Released by the Supreme Court of India in August 2023 under Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, the Handbook on Combating Gender Stereotypes identified pervasive patriarchal terms used in legal drafting and recommended dignified, unbiased alternatives.
• The handbook specifically recommended replacing stereotypical, patriarchal words:
• Use “Homemaker” instead of “housewife”.
• Prohibited pejorative and patriarchal terms like “career woman”, “mistress”, “spinster”, and “seductress”.
• Therefore, Homemaker is the respectful term that does NOT promote gender stereotypes.

Correct option: (1) Homemaker

• Gender Stereotyping and Traditional Gender Roles:
• The judicial quote reflects a harmful gender stereotype rooted in prescriptive Gender Roles of Women—the entrenched social expectation that domestic caregiving, waking early, and serving the husband are the inherent obligatory duties of a 'devoted wife'.
• The Supreme Court highlighted that stereotyping women based on traditional domestic roles reinforces subordination and domestic violence justifications, violating constitutional equality under Article 14 and Article 15.

Correct option: (2) Gender roles of women