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Covers topics from Horticulture Science ( Tomato)
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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with instant answers and explanations.
1. What is the new botanical name for tomato?
Lycopersicon esculentum
Solanum tuberosum
Solanum melongena
Solanum lycopersicon
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Correct Answer: Solanum lycopersicon The new botanical name for tomato as Solanum lycopersicon. The older name was Lycopersicon esculentum.
2. Which family does the tomato belong to?
Fabaceae
Solanaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Brassicaceae
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Correct Answer: Solanaceae Tomato belongs to the Solanaceae family, which also includes potatoes, peppers, and eggplants. This family is known for containing several important agricultural crops.
3. What pigment is primarily responsible for the red color in tomatoes?
Carotene
Anthocyanin
Lycopene
Chlorophyll
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Correct Answer: Lycopene The red color of tomatoes is mainly due to the presence of lycopene. Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant.
4. What is the optimal temperature range for lycopene formation in tomatoes?
15-20°C
21-24°C
25-30°C
30-35°C
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Correct Answer: 21-24°C The optimal temperature for lycopene production in tomatoes is between 21°C and 24°C. Temperatures above 27°C reduce lycopene formation.
5. What is the common name 'Poor man's Orange' referring to?
Potato
Brinjal
Tomato
Chilli
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Correct Answer: Tomato Tomato is also known as 'Poor man's Orange', likely due to its nutritional value, particularly Vitamin C, and affordability. It is also called 'Wolf Apple' and 'Vilayati Brinjal'.
6. Which country is the largest producer of tomatoes in the world?
India
USA
China
Turkey
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Correct Answer: China China holds the first position in global tomato production, followed by India. Tomatoes are a major vegetable crop worldwide.
7. Which state in India ranks first in tomato production?
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
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Correct Answer: Andhra Pradesh In India, Andhra Pradesh leads in tomato production. Climate and soil conditions in the state favour tomato cultivation.
8. What is the fruit type of a tomato?
Drupe
Pome
Berry
Hesperidium
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Correct Answer: Berry Botanically, the tomato fruit is classified as a berry (or 'sarasa' in Hindi). A berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single ovary.
9. What does 'staking' refer to in tomato cultivation?
Fertilizer application
Providing support to plants
Pruning lower leaves
Harvesting technique
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Correct Answer: Providing support to plants Staking is the practice of providing physical support to tomato plants, especially indeterminate varieties, to keep them upright. This improves air circulation and fruit quality.
10. What percentage of oil is found in tomato seeds?
10%
18%
24%
30%
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Correct Answer: 24% Tomato seeds contain approximately 24% oil. Tomato seed oil can be extracted and used, although it's not a primary commercial oil source.
11. Which chemical is used for tomato preservation?
Sodium Benzoate
Potassium Sorbate
Citric Acid
Acetic Acid
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Correct Answer: Sodium Benzoate Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in processed tomato products. It helps inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
12. Based on respiration, tomato is classified as which type of vegetable?
Non-climacteric
Climacteric
Root vegetable
Leafy vegetable
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Correct Answer: Climacteric Tomato is a climacteric fruit/vegetable, meaning it continues to ripen after harvest, accompanied by a rise in respiration rate and ethylene production.
13. What type of plant is tomato based on its photoperiodic requirement?
Short Day Plant (SDP)
Long Day Plant (LDP)
Day Neutral Plant (DNP)
Intermediate Day Plant (IDP)
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Correct Answer: Day Neutral Plant (DNP) Tomato is classified as a Day Neutral Plant (DNP), indicating its flowering is not significantly affected by day length. This allows it to be grown in different seasons.
14. What is the recommended seed rate for hybrid tomato varieties per hectare?
400-500 gm
250-300 gm
125-150 gm
50-100 gm
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Correct Answer: 125-150 gm The recommended seed rate for hybrid tomato varieties is 125-150 grams per hectare. Normal varieties require a higher seed rate of 400-500 gm/ha.
15. What is the characteristic feature of determinate growth tomato varieties?
Unlimited growth in vine form
Flowering occurs at every third node
Flowering occurs at the top and each node
Requires staking
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Correct Answer: Flowering occurs at the top and each node Determinate tomato varieties have limited growth, and flowering occurs at the terminal bud (top) and at each node. They are typically grown in open fields and usually don't require staking.
16. Which tomato variety is known for being the first developed through biotechnology and having high storage capacity?
Pusa Ruby
Arka Rakshak
Flavor Saver
Punjab Chuara
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Correct Answer: Flavor Saver Flavor Saver is renowned for its high storage capacity and was the first genetically modified tomato variety developed using biotechnology. It was developed by Calgene in 1994.
17. Which physiological disorder in tomatoes is primarily caused by Boron deficiency?
Blossom End Rot (BER)
Puffiness
Fruit Cracking
Sun Scald
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Correct Answer: Fruit Cracking Fruit cracking in tomatoes is often associated with Boron deficiency. Applying borax solution can help manage this disorder.
18. Blossom End Rot (BER) in tomatoes is caused by a deficiency of which nutrient?
Nitrogen
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
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Correct Answer: Calcium Blossom End Rot (BER) is a physiological disorder in tomatoes caused by Calcium (Ca) deficiency. Spraying calcium chloride can help prevent it.
19. Which insect pest is a vector for the Leaf Curl Virus in tomatoes?
Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Jassid
Cutworm
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Correct Answer: Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) The Leaf Curl disease in tomatoes, caused by a virus, is transmitted by the Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Whiteflies are common sucking pests in many crops.
20. What is the causal organism for Early Blight disease in tomatoes?
Phytophthora infestans
Alternaria solani
Fusarium oxysporum
Pythium aphanidermatum
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Correct Answer: Alternaria solani Early Blight disease in tomatoes is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. It affects leaves, stems, and fruits, causing characteristic target-like lesions.
21. What is the recommended isolation distance for certified tomato seed production?
50 meters
25 meters
100 meters
10 meters
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Correct Answer: 25 meters For certified tomato seed production, the recommended isolation distance is 25 meters. For foundation seed, it is 50 meters.
22. Which tomato variety is specifically mentioned as suitable for kitchen gardens?
Pusa Ruby
Pusa Sheetal
Angurlata
Roma
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Correct Answer: Angurlata Angurlata is highlighted as a tomato variety suitable for growing in kitchen gardens. Kitchen garden varieties are often chosen for ease of growth and continuous yield.
23. At which stage are tomatoes typically harvested for processing purposes?
Green stage
Pink/Breaker stage
Red ripening stage
Fully ripening stage
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Correct Answer: Fully ripening stage Tomatoes intended for processing (like making ketchup or paste) are harvested at the fully ripening stage. This stage ensures maximum color and flavor development.
24. What causes the physiological disorder 'Puffiness' or hollowness in tomatoes?
Boron deficiency
Calcium deficiency
High temperature and excess nitrogen
Potash deficiency
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Correct Answer: High temperature and excess nitrogen Puffiness, characterized by hollow cavities inside the fruit, is caused by factors like high temperature and excess nitrogen application. Proper environmental control and balanced fertilization are key.
25. Which chemical compound provides fungal resistance in tomatoes?
Saponin
Lycopene
Tomatine
Capsaicin
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Correct Answer: Tomatine Tomatine is a chemical compound found in tomatoes that exhibits fungal-resistant properties. It's a glycoalkaloid naturally present in the plant.
26. What is the primary acid found in tomatoes?
Malic Acid
Tartaric Acid
Acetic Acid
Citric Acid
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Correct Answer: Citric Acid Citric acid is the predominant acid found in tomatoes, contributing to their characteristic tangy taste. Acid content influences flavor and processing suitability.
27. The tomato variety 'Punjab Chuara' is known for what fruit shape and suitability?
Round shape-processing
Pear shape-fresh market
Pear shape-processing
Oblong shape-salad
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Correct Answer: Pear shape-processing Punjab Chuara is a tomato variety characterized by its pear-shaped fruits and is considered suitable for processing. Fruit shape and firmness are important traits for processing varieties.
28. Which disease is considered the most dangerous for tomato nurseries?
Early Blight
Late Blight
Damping Off
Leaf Curl
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Correct Answer: Damping Off Damping Off, caused by fungi like Pythium and Phytophthora, is cited as the most dangerous disease affecting tomato seedlings in the nursery stage. It causes seedlings to collapse at the soil line.
29. What is the vector for Tomato Mosaic Virus (TMV)?
Whitefly
Aphids
Thrips
No true insect vector
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Correct Answer: No true insect vector TMV is often spread mechanically. Seeds are the main factor in the long-distance transmission of ToMV.
30. Which micronutrients are specifically mentioned as required for tomato?
Iron and Manganese
Copper and Molybdenum
Boron and Zinc
Magnesium and Sulfur
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Correct Answer: Boron and Zinc The document explicitly lists Boron and Zinc as essential micronutrients required by tomatoes. Deficiencies in these can lead to various growth issues and disorders.
31. What environmental condition primarily leads to 'Sun Scald' in tomato fruits?
Low temperature
High humidity
High temperature (more than 40°C)
Low light intensity
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Correct Answer: High temperature (more than 40°C) High temperatures, especially above 40°C, can cause Sun Scald, damaging exposed fruit surfaces. Providing adequate foliage cover helps prevent this.
32. Which pathogen is responsible for causing 'Damping off' disease in tomato?
Alternaria solani
Phytophthora infestans
Pythium aphanidermatum
Fusarium oxysporum
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Correct Answer: Pythium aphanidermatum Pythium aphanidermatum is a common soilborne pathogen that causes Damping off, especially in young seedlings. It leads to rotting of stem.
33. The pathogen Alternaria solani causes which disease in Tomato?
Late Blight
Early Blight
Mosaic disease
Fusarium Wilt
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Correct Answer: Early Blight Alternaria solani causes Early blight, characterized by dark, concentric lesions on leaves and fruits. It can significantly reduce yield.
34. Which viral disease of tomato is transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci)?
Mosaic disease
Fusarium Wilt
Leaf Curl disease
Late Blight
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Correct Answer: Leaf Curl disease Whiteflies are the vector for the Leaf Curl virus, which causes severe leaf distortion and stunting. Controlling whitefly populations is crucial.
35. Which pathogen causes Fusarium Wilt in tomatoes?
Phytophthora infestans
Alternaria solani
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Pythium aphanidermatum
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Correct Answer: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a soilborne fungus that causes Fusarium Wilt, blocking the plant's vascular system. It leads to wilting and death.
36. Which of the following is a control measure for Nematode disease in tomato?
Spraying with борax
Applying Carbofuran 3G
Spraying calcium chloride
Using streptomycin
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Correct Answer: Applying Carbofuran 3G Carbofuran 3G is a nematicide used to control nematodes like Meloidogyne spp., which cause root-knot disease. It helps in reducing nematode populations in the soil.
37. 'Cat face' disorder in tomato is caused by:
Boron deficiency
Calcium deficiency
Change in climate
High temperature
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Correct Answer: Change in climate Catface is a physiological disorder characterized by deformed, scarred fruit, often caused by environmental fluctuations, particularly during flowering. It is non-pathogenic.
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